Russel Brandon Psychology Test 2 Part 2

Pitch is determined by the ________ of sound waves.

*a. frequency b. decibels c. amplitude

4-year old Jada is learning about animals. Her prototype for an amphibians is most likely a

*a. frog. b. newt. c. salamander.

Which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?

*a. getting five bucks from your parents every time you learn 3 new songs on the violin b. playing the slot machine c. feeding your fish every day at 8 a.m.

Lewis Termin did research on those with ________ IQs and found them to be well-adjusted adults.

*a. high b. low c. average

Jessica Witt's study tested

*a. how the perception of the size of a golf hole affects golfing performance. b. how an illusion alters the perceived location of the golf hole. c. how successful people can perceive slight differences when the golf hole size changes between putts.

When surrounded by smaller circles, a center circle will appear ________ than if surrounded by larger circles.

*a. larger b. the same c. smaller

Caleb uses the words "sofa" "soda" and "dinner" instead of "couch" "soft drink" and "supper." When the others in the conversations use the same words, the people talking have adopted the same

*a. lexicon. b. audience design. c. syntax.

The fact that Chinese speakers may be more likely to think about time on a vertical or a horizontal plane is an example of

*a. linguistic determinism. b. language acquisition. c. language relativism.

Jonas loves working as a TA for his Physics professor and especially loves the excitement involved in solving problems. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

*a. logical-mathematical b. spatial c. interpersonal

London remembers a time when she was young when she got lost in a department store and couldn't find her mom. When talking to her family about it, they corrected her memory and said that it was actually her sister who was lost, and that she had just been present. Over time, the source of her original memory became confused. This is an example of

*a. misattribution. b. transience. c. absentmindedness.

When the source of a memory is confused, like you think the storyline of a t.v. show you watched actually happened to you in real life, it is called

*a. misattribution. b. transience. c. absentmindedness.

The idea that we perceive the world while utilizing a combination of senses is known as

*a. multi-modal perception. b. cross-modal phenomena. c. gestalt psychology.

Smelling the lingering scent of the fish you reheated in the microwave is an example of

*a. olfaction. b. audition. c. gustation.

Doing something and then being influenced by what happens as a consequence of the thing you did is the basic idea behind ________.

*a. operant conditioning b. associative learning c. classical conditioning

The fact that the base of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies supports the ________ theory of hearing.

*a. place b. temporal c. conductive

Which type of intelligence is sometimes called "street smarts"?

*a. practical b. analytic c. creative

Shelter, sex, and touch are examples of

*a. primary reinforcers. b. positive reinforcers. c. secondary reinforcers.

Reinforcement differs from punishment in that ________.

*a. reinforcement is any outcome that leads to an increase in a behavior and punishment is an outcome that leads to a decrease in a behavior b. reinforcement is good and punishment is bad c. reinforcement involves desirable outcomes and punishment involves undesirable outcomes

Demarcus suffered a concussion in his first lacrosse match, causing him to forget everything that happened prior to the match. He has ________ amnesia.

*a. retrograde b. anterograde c. flashbulb

Bryson remembers nothing before his concussion happened, meaning he has ________ amnesia. If he were unable to learn new things, he would have ________ amnesia.

*a. retrograde; anterograde b. flashbulb; retro-antero c. anterograde; retrograde

Money is an example of which type of reinforcer?

*a. secondary b. primary c. operant

Which part of the ear is most involved in motion and balance?

*a. semicircular canal b. tympanic membrane c. auditory canal

Students were asked about the speed of cars involved in an accident. When the verb was changed from "contacted" to "smashed", ________.

*a. students were more likely to report that there was broken glass involved in the accident b. students were more less likely to report that the cars were traveling at high speeds c. students were more likely to report that no one was injured in the accident

While traveling to the Canada from his home in Europe, Gunther often asks people, "Excuse me, can you please the time tell me?" Even though people understand what he is asking and politely tell him the time, Gunther's incorrect use of ________ threatens his attempts at communicating with others in a language that is foreign to him.

*a. syntax b. lexicon c. semantics

If your eyes see someone saying "ball" but the word you hear is "doll", the struggle to make sense of that information in your brain is consistent with

*a. the McGurk effect. b. unimodal perception. c. The Rosenblum influence.

Which sense pertains to balance?

*a. the vestibular sense b. kinesthesia c. proprioception

The findings from the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggested that

*a. there is a genetic component to intelligence. b. female twins are more intelligent than male twins. c. intelligence is affected by early adoption.

What do paint, doll, and cat all have in common?

*a. they all can combine with -house to form a word, and they are part of creativity test. b. they all can combine with -house to form a word, and they are part of an intelligence test. c. they all bring back memories of childhood, and can be used during psychoanalysis.

It something is original, it is

*a. unique. b. interesting in some way. c. valuable.

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?

*a. when a rabbit goes to the bathroom in the litter box, she gets a piece of carrot b. when a rabbit learns to jump at the sound of the door opening c. when a rabbit chases after another rabbit

The pervasive daily stress of poverty and resulting impact on brain development may explain

*a. why children who live in poverty perform worse on intelligence tests. b. why children who live in poverty are rarely tests by legitimate intelligence tests. c. why children who grow up wealthy perform better on intelligence tests.

When Martha first visits her Aunt and Uncle's house, the smell of fish is overwhelming, but after an hour, she doesn't even notice it's there. What explains this?

a. bottom-up processing *b. Sensory Adaptation c. top-down processing

Did you read the second "the" in the sentence in the image? You probably didn't, because your brain doesn't expect to have "the" a second time and skips over it so that the sentence works in the context of what you are familiar with. This is an example of

a. bottom-up processing *b. top-down processing c. signal detection theory

The most visible part of the ear is the

a. cochlea *b. pinna c. auditory canal

Congenital deafness is

a. common in older people, particularly those who had professions surrounded by lots of noise. b. the same thing as Ménière's disease. *c. something someone is born with.

Hearing aids are ineffective in treating

a. conductive hearing loss. b. ossicle deafness. *c. sensorineural hearing loss.

Madison needs to wrap a present but doesn't have any wrapping paper. She quickly searches the apartment and finds a brown grocery bag to use instead. This is an example of

a. convergent thinking. *b. divergent thinking. c. creative-cognitive processing.

Rihanna has difficulty spelling words correctly while writing and mixes up letters within words and sentences. Which learning disability does she have?

a. dysgraphia *b. dyslexia c. dysthymia

Tyler is learning to read and write but having a difficult time. He sometimes switches up the letters and words in the sentences and almost always writes his name backwards. Which learning disability does he have?

a. dysgraphia *b. dyslexia c. dysthymia

Sven eats popcorn every time he goes to the movies. He goes to a new theatre with no concessions and finds that his mouth is watering for popcorn the entire time. In this example, what is the conditioned stimulus?

a. eating popcorn b. wanting popcorn *c. watching a movie

The processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over time is known as

a. effortful processing. *b. memory. c. automatic processing.

The "I knew it all along" phenomenon is known as

a. egocentric bias. *b. hindsight bias. c. persistence.

"Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally" (PEMDAS) is a popular way for math teachers to help their students remember the order of operations (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, Addition and Subtraction). This is an example of

a. elaborative rehearsal. b. using peg-words. *c. a mnemonic device.

When Benito was five he cut his leg on some glass and needed stitches. Years later, his mother tells him the scar came from being bit by a dog. Now, when people ask about his scar he distinctly remembers the dog biting him. This is an example of the ________.

a. equipotentiality hypothesis *b. misinformation effect paradigm c. Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm

Two-thirds of typical conversations are about ________.

a. factual information. b. families or family matters. *c. gossip.

In the study with Little Albert, he was conditioned to fear a rabbit because it was paired with a frightening loud sound. In this example, what was the unconditioned stimulus?

a. fear b. the rabbit *c. the loud sound

Napoleon works at the golf course. In addition to his salary, they told him he can get $10 for every bucket he fills with stray balls he finds scattered throughout the course. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

a. fixed interval b. variable interval *c. fixed ratio

Because Jackie has seen so many documentaries about shark attacks, she is afraid to swim in the ocean. Chris tries to convince her that she's overreacting because more people actually die from bee stings than shark bites. Jackie's belief is an example of the

a. functional fixedness. b. confirmation bias. *c. availability heuristic.

When rats had their ________ removed, they no longer experienced their fear memory.

a. hippocampus b. cerebellum *c. amygdala

Amy studied German in high school but began studying French once in college. When she meets another German student, she can't seem to find any German words to stay, and instead only remembers French. This is an example of ________ interference.

a. inactive *b. retroactive c. proactive

Anywhere between 30-70% of individuals with diagnosed cases of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) also have some sort of ________.

a. intellectual disability b. brain damage *c. learning disability

Oprah is known for her ability to understand others and help them feel comfortable. What type of intelligence does she have a lot of?

a. intrapersonal b. naturalistic *c. interpersonal

Demarco was good at every sport growing up, but decided to focus on just baseball and the discus once he got to college. What area of intelligence does he exemplify?

a. intrapersonal b. spatial *c. bodily kinesthetic

Destiny is excellent at working with shapes and models. Her dream job is to design for Lego one day. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

a. logical-mathematical *b. spatial c. naturalist

Chinese speakers

a. may be less likely to describe time on a vertical axis than English speakers. b. are not susceptible to linguistic determinism. *c. may be more prone to think of time on a vertical or horizontal plane.

Because taste and smell have sensory receptors that respond to molecules, they are considered

a. mechanical senses. b. photochemical senses. *c. chemical senses.

________ is the recall of false autobiographical memories.

a. memory construction. *b. false memory syndrome. c. misinformation effect paradigm.

Which idea says that if you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information?

a. memory enhancing strategy b. chunking *c. levels of processing theory

Cillian can remember a great deal of numbers because he groups them all in sets of 3 and thinks of them as batting averages. He is using the technique of ________.

a. mnemonic device *b. chunking c. elaborative rehearsal

Gillian's kids struggle to get out the door in the morning for school, so she creates a sticker chart where they can put on a sticker each time they are ready to go before 7 a.m. Once they fill they chart, they'll get a new bunk bed. This is an example of ________.

a. modeling b. classical conditioning *c. operant conditioning

In the modeling process, you learn by watching someone else. Sophie learns by watching her older brother get in trouble for staying out too late that she should also not stay out late. Sophie learned this by following the steps of the modeling process, which are

a. motivation, intuitiveness, desire, and replication. *b. attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. c. motivation, attention, replication, and retention.

Which component of a classically conditioned behavior automatically elicits a reaction? For example, dimming the lights will cause the eyes to dilate.

a. neutral stimulus. *b. unconditioned stimulus. c. conditioned stimulus.

When Brad got into a minor car accident, he hopped right out of the car to assess the damage. He didn't notice until later that night that he had a pretty serious cut on his leg. The fact that he didn't notice is consisted with the

a. nociceptor model. b. top-down processing effect. *c. motivation-decision model.

When Justin's dog hears the sound of a car door slam outside, she excitedly runs to the door and barks. This is an example of

a. observational learning. b. operant conditioning. *c. classical conditioning

Which is an example of a morpheme?

a. p *b. un c. lg

Memory aids that help us organize information for encoding are called

a. peg-words. *b. mnemonic devices. c. chunks.

Stickers on a sticker chart are an example of which type of reinforcer?

a. primary b. operant *c. secondary

Olfactory receptor cells pick up odor molecules which get turned into electrical impulses that send messages to the brain via the ________.

a. primary olfactory cortex *b. olfactory bulb c. nasal cavity

Jason studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary he can't, instead he can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference.

a. proactive b. inactive *c. retroactive

Memory of brief events, like the smell of french fries you pass on the way to the corner store, are stored in ________ memory.

a. procedural *b. sensory c. effortful

Illusions are valuable to psychologists because they are used to

a. prove that the world is not always as it seems and demonstrate how to overcome the effect of an illusion. *b. explore what people experience and what parts of the brain are involved in perception. c. discover ways to improve the perceptual experience and prevent perceptual decline with age.

Mason has a cochlear implant. He is able to hear because the implant

a. receives incoming sound information and bypasses the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain through the optic nerve. *b. receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain. c. receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the basilar membrane to transmit information to the brain.

Based on changes in the weather, bears typically hibernate for half the year. This is an example of an innate behavior, known as a

a. reflex. b. condition. *c. instinct.

Sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are examples of ________.

a. reflexes b. learning *c. instincts

Mary Claire watches her father bake bread every Sunday afternoon. Eventually, she starts to join him in the kitchen and he shows her the ropes of how it's done. After years of doing this together, Mary Claire decides she wants to open a bakery. This exemplifies

a. reflexes. b. conditioning. *c. learning.

When an person or animal makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together, they are exemplifying ________ learning.

a. reflexive *b. associational c. instinctive

Derek's email log-in forced him to create a new password, but now when he logs on, he only remembers his old password. This is an example of ________ interference.

a. retroactive *b. proactive c. inactive

Ezra got a new phone number, but keeps giving out his old phone number on accident when people ask him. This is an example of ________ interference.

a. retroactive b. inactive *c. proactive

________ interference occurs when old information hinders the recall of newly learned information, while ________ interference happens when information learned more recently hinders the recall of older information.

a. retroactive; proactive *b. proactive; retroactive c. inactive; active

Sean wants to teach his dog to turn the light on. What would be the best way to train his dog, utilizing the idea of shaping? might he do that using the concept of shaping?

a. reward his dog when she turns it on by command, when she touches it, when she looks at it, and when she pushes it. *b. reward his dog when the dog looks at the light switch, when she touches the lightswitch, when she pushes it, and when she turns it on by command c. reward his dog when she touches the lightswitch, when she pushes it, when she looks at it, and when she turns it on by command

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, ________ in the retina are responsive to red, green, and blue.

a. rods *b. cones c. afterimages

Raul can remember exactly where on the page in his textbook he saw a picture of a pie chart about the percentages of the U.S. population that say their favorite colors are either red, yellow, green, blue, or purple. This is an example of ________ encoding.

a. semantic b. acoustic *c. visual

Explicit memories include ________ and episodic memory.

a. sensory *b. semantic c. procedural

Participants in Daniel Simons' and Christopher Chabris' study were asked to watch people pass a basketball. Because they were focused on doing so, the didn't see a gorilla walk across the screen. This phenomenon is called

a. signal detection theory. *b. inattentional blindness. c. inattentional responsiveness.

Kyle sees a flashing light in the distance. This is an example of

a. signal threshold b. perception *c. sensation

Sierra turns off her car right before the last line of chorus of a popular song. Moments later while inside the store, she finds herself singing the last line. This exemplifies the gestalt principle of

a. similarity *b. closure c. continuity

A bell curve relies on a ________ sample.

a. small b. reliable *c. large

Anna is competing on Jeopardy!. She. can accurately judge the distance between her finger and the buzzer and knows just how hard to press because of

a. somatosensation b. kinesthesia *c. proprioception

If you need to remember the names of all 50 states, the most recommended technique would be for you to

a. stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study. b. think of your favorite animals from each state. *c. memorize five states at a time—group the information into a more manageable size.

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________.

a. suggested there is no genetic component to intelligence *b. revealed a genetic component to intelligence c. demonstrated that female twins are more intelligent than male twins

________ is confusing the source of information.

a. suggestibility. b. false construction. *c. misattribution.

In Pavlov's classic experiment with dogs, the unconditioned response is ________ and the conditioned response is ________.

a. the bell; salivation *b. salivation; salivation c. food; salivation

How did the perceived hole size affect the putting performance of participants?

a. the perceived hole size had no impact on putting performance. b. participants putted better when they perceived the hole as smaller. *c. participants putted better when they perceived the hole as larger.

Multi-modal perception is the idea that

a. the perception of one sense inhibits the experience of another. b. the senses work independently. *c. various sensory modalities are integrated.

Austin has never met one of his work colleagues, having only interacted online or on the phone. He's still able to pick out his coworker at a conference in a room full of people because of

a. the perceptual power of audition. b. the multimodal relationship between hearing and sight. *c. the crossmodal relationship between auditory speech and visual information.

Internet search engines use ________ to show the appropriate results.

a. trial-and-error b. heuristics *c. algorithms

Jaimie doesn't have much time before her class, and she still needs to find a ride to the airport, print off her assignment, and text her manager about changing her shift. Her best strategy for solving these problems will be to use

a. trial-and-error. *b. heuristics. c. algorithms.

Which is an example of a positive reinforcer?

a. using an umbrella to stop the rain on your head b. having to stay in your room until it's clean *c. being told "nice work!" after completing your homework

Remembering ________ is a good example of episodic memory.

a. what the word January means *b. your first day of school c. how to use the microwave

Mental sets occur

a. when you use the same algorithm to solve multiple problems. *b. when you approach a problem the same way, even if it is ineffective. c. when you erroneously attribute someone else's behavior to current mental state.

How does a cochlear implant enable the deaf to hear?

*a. It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain. b. It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the basilar membrane to transmit information to the brain. c. It receives incoming sound information and bypasses the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain through the optic nerve.

The basic idea behind observational learning is that

*a. Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say. b. Organisms cannot learn if they do not receive immediate reinforcement. c. Learning is the result of reinforcing desired behavior at fixed intervals.

________ fire in response to any potential tissue-damaging stimuli.

*a. Nociceptors b. Chemoreceptors c. Thermoreceptors

Darkness will naturally cause your pupils to dilate, since they are opening up to let it more light from the surroundings. Light causes the pupil to contract. Knowing this, how could you design a classical conditioning experiment forcing the pupils to dilate?

*a. Ring a bell directly before turning the lights off, twenty times in a row. Then ring the bell. b. Ring a bell directly after turning the lights off, for at least 15 times. Then ring the bell. c. Turn the lights off twenty times while a bell is rung, then turn the lights off without the bell.

While you may not notice the change in the music's volume while at a party, you would definitely notice the change if you were trying to study in a quiet library. This supports the idea that the difference threshold is a constant fraction of the original stimulus, also known as

*a. Weber's law b. absolute threshold c. relative threshold

Negative punishment refers to a situation where ________.

*a. a behavior decreased because something desirable was eliminated through engaging in the behavior b. a behavior is decreased because something desirable was gained through engaging in the behavior c. a behavior increased because something undesirable was eliminated through engaging in the behavior

In order for ________ to occur, it is best if the interval between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is small, sometimes just a matter of seconds.

*a. acquisition b. extinction c. stimulation

Kieran is attempting to condition a parrot to greet him when he enters the room. He repeatedly pairs his entry to the room with a treat for the parrot. Kieran can say that ________ has occurred as soon as the parrot greets him in response to his entry.

*a. acquisition b. extinction c. stimulation

The opponent-process theory is supported by

*a. afterimages. b. the trichromatic theory. c. colorblindness.

Comparing which cell phone to buy and contrasting the different contracts that come with each purchase in an example of using ________ intelligence.

*a. analytical b. practical c. creative

Auditory receptor cells are embedded within the ________, which is found in the ________.

*a. basilar membrane; cochlea b. pinna; cochlea c. auditory canal; ossicles

Which is an example of classical conditioning?

*a. being afraid of thunder and lightning because the last two times you were in a thunderstorm, there were also tornadoes. b. blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long he takes to find a button hidden in a room c. telling students if they fill up a jar with tokens for good behavior, then they will get a pizza party at the end of the year.

Using the different images that each eye receives in order to perceive depth is called using ________ cues.

*a. binocular b. trichromatic c. monocular

5-year-old Camille is learning about the food groups. Her prototype for a vegetable is most likely a

*a. carrot. b. onion. c. tomato.

If you think baseball is boring and reluctantly agree to join your friend at the ballpark, chances are good you will be ready to go by the seventh inning stretch, even though it has been a high-scoring game. This is an example of

*a. confirmation bias. b. the availability heuristic. c. functional fixedness.

________ reinforcement is giving a reinforcer every time that a behavior is displayed.

*a. continuous b. primary c. partial

Episodic memories and semantic memories are both examples of ________ memory.

*a. explicit b. short-term c. implicit

Learning how to operate new program on your computer would require ________ intelligence.

*a. fluid b. analytic c. crystallized

The average IQ score is

a. 120 *b. 100 c. 70

What is the main idea of levels of processing theory?

a. Aerobic exercise promotes neurogenesis. b. In order to remember information, you should build a web of retrieval cues to help you access material when you want to remember it. *c. If you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful.

If you walk through a busy crowd and feel a few different people bump and push past you as they walk by, which skin receptors would be activated?

a. After an unpleasant run-in with some poison ivy, Justin puts ointment on his rash to b. thermoreceptors c. chemoreceptors *d. mechanoreceptors

Which of the following is an example of a fixed interval reinforcement schedule?

a. Bill traveling to Myrtle Beach for vacation every June *b. Nikita taking her dog to the vet once a year c. Jeremy checking YouTube every morning before work

________ cues require only one eye.

a. Binocular b. Trichromatic *c. Monocular

Jake and Jack are identical twins, but Jake was born almost 15 minutes before Jack. They also have two sisters, Deondra and Daphne, who are 3 years and 6 years younger than them. Who is most likely to have the same IQ score?

a. Deondra and Daphne *b. Jake and Jack c. Jack and Deondra.

________ is well known for his research on animals and pigeons. He even created an operant conditioning chamber designed to reward animals for specific behaviors.

a. Edward Thorndike b. Ivan Pavlov *c. B.F. Skinner

Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is correct?

a. Eyewitness testimony is the most valuable tool for defense attorneys. *b. Eyewitness misidentification is the leading cause of wrongful convictions. c. Eyewitness testimony is never reliable.

About 2% of the population have

a. IQs above 115. *b. IQs below 70. c. IQs between 90-110.

About 2% of the population have

a. IQs between 90-110. *b. IQs above 130. c. IQs below 85.

Most modern intelligence tests, such as the newly developed WISC-V, are based off of work done by

a. James Flynn. b. Alfred Binet. *c. David Wechsler.

Which linguist(s) proposed that the thoughts that an individual has are determined by the language that he or she uses?

a. Lau and Johnston b. Chomsky *c. Sapir and Whorf

________ broke the constraints of ________, which emphasized that learning was the direct consequence of conditioning to stimuli

a. Observational learning; classical conditioning *b. Latent learning; behaviorism c. Latent learning; operant conditioning

What was the most important takeaway from Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs?

a. One can learn new behaviors by observing others. b. Food is the greatest motivator. *c. Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Which is the independent variable in Jessica Witt's study?

a. The number of successful putts. b. The distance to the putting hole. *c. The size of the holes projected around the golf hole.

Positive Reinforcement refers to a situation where _________.

a. a behavior increased, regardless of whether something was gained or lost *b. a behavior is increased because something desirable was gained through engaging in the behavior c. a behavior is decreased because something undesirable was eliminated through engaging in the behavior

When a memory fades over time, it is called

a. absentmindedness. *b. transience. c. blocking.

Jackie wants her dog to bring her the mail each day after it's dropped in through the mail slot. Instead of trying teach her do, Dodger, at at once, she begins by giving him treats each time he goes to the mail slot. This is an example of

a. acquisition. *b. shaping. c. primary reinforcement.

H.M. was unable to form any new semantic memories because of the removal of his ________.

a. amygdala *b. hippocampus c. prefrontal cortex

The best example of a concept is a

a. archetype. b. category. *c. prototype.

Children who live in poverty perform worse on intelligence tests because they________.

a. are not encouraged to reach their potential. b. are exposed to a greater degree of diversity, which causes their brains to function differently, thus resulting in a type of intelligence that IQ tests do not measure. *c. experience more pervasive daily stress, which affects how the brain functions and develops, thus causing a dip in IQ scores.

Colton is an average middle school student who has a good group of friends and enjoys practicing the drums and playing baseball. Despite this, he struggles with writing and has a hard time putting his thoughts on paper. Which learning disability does he have?

a. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) b. dyslexia *c. dysgraphia

Jaxon sat down next to Harvey on the bus and immediately asked, "did you see Harper's stats last night?" Because they share ________, Jaxon didn't need to explain that he was talking about the baseball game.

a. audience design *b. common ground c. priming

Which correctly describes the process of hearing?

a. auditory canal - pinna - tympanic membrane - cochlea - ossicles - auditory nerve b. auditory nerve - cochlea - tympanic membrane - ossicles -pinna - auditory canal *c. pinna - auditory canal - tympanic membrane - ossicles - cochlea - auditory nerve

If a sound wave has a high amplitude, it will

a. be at the low end of the human hearing range. b. be a high-pitched sound. *c. sound loud.

Doug cannot find his keys, but cannot remember where. This is an example of

a. blocking *b. absentmindedness c. transience

Light energy with very low amplitude would be perceived as ________.

a. blue *b. dim c. bright

Shianne tells the group of people at the table at her workshop that she's from Salt Lake City. A young man replies that he is also from Salt Lake, so he askes Shianne what area she's from. Shianne admits that she is really from Bountiful, which is north of Salt Lake City.

The fact that she gives this additional information is an example of a. social network. b. priming. *c. audience design.

You walk by the same billboard on the way to school each day, but have never actually looked at it. When asked to guess which billboard it was from a selection of billboards, you somehow identify the right one because

a. you identified the just noticeable difference between the billboards. b. the image on the billboard passed your absolute threshold of detection. *c. you subliminally processed the image.