Rutgers Anatomy and Physiology Exam Review

unsaturated

Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids. When the fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, the fat is considered

foramen

a ______ is a rounded opening through a bone

osteporosis

a condition in which bones lose bone mass and therefore become weak

muscular dystrophy

a genetic disease of progressive muscle weakening and degeneration due to the lack of a protein: fibromyalgia myasthenia gracis muscular dystrophy osteoarthritis

tissue

a group of similar cells performing a specialized function

a motor neuron and the muscle fiber it supplies

a motor unit is: a group of muscles working together a motor neuron and the muscle fiber it supplies a group of muscle fiber an artery and the muscle fibers it supplies

acidic

a pH of 5.5 would be considered

the distance between Z lines

a sacromere is:

peritoneum

acute appendicitis is a danger of infection to which serous membrane

legs and arms

appendicular refers to the

osteoclasts

bone-eating (reabsorbing) cells

fluid-filled sacs

bursae are

a polysaccharide used as stored energy

glycogen is

holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells

myoglobin: breaks down glycogen holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells is a protein involved in the addition of a phosphate to ADP produces the axon terminal signal

a protein

myosin is

blood clot formation

occurs as a result of positive feedback and assists in the maintenance of homeostasis

polar

one atom has a stronger attraction for shared electrons in a bond than the other atom

carbon

organic compounds always contain _____ atoms

lipids

organic compounds that are always insoluble in water

interphase

part of the cell cycle when a cell is not dividing/doing what it is designed to do

36%

percentage of a person's skin that would be involved if they had burned their left arm, front of the trunk, and front of the left leg

trachea

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue is found in/on the _____

diffusion

random movement of simple substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

there is no ATP to relax the muscles

rigor mortis occurs because: there is no ATP to relax the muscles the body temperature drops there are no brain waves there are no nerve signals

supination

rotating the arms so that the palms are forward is an example of: elevation abduction inversion supination

sarcolemma

special name for the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

goblet cells

specialized columnar cells that secrete mucus onto the surfaces of the tissue are called

its action and attachment

the extensor digitorium is named for: its action and attachment its location and action its size and attachment its number of attachments and shape

phagocytosis

the formation of a pocket of the plasma membrane to bring in solid materials

its size and location

the gluteus maximus muscle is named for: its size and shape its size and location its shape and action its attachment and fiber direction

medial

the heart is _____ to the lungs

fluid mosaic model

the movement of protein molecules within the phospholipids bilayer is described by the

prime mover

the muscle that does most of the work for a particular movement is called the: prime mover synergist insertion antagonist

selectively permeable

the plasma membrane is

sarcoplasmic reticulum

the smooth ER that stores calcium ions

hypogastric

the urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region?

epithelium

tissue type that covers surfaces and lines cavities

compact bone

tissue type that is made of concentric rings called an osteon or Haversian system

transitional

type of epithelial found in the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch and slide to create a barrier

simple squamous

type of epithelial found where simple diffusion occurs

simple cuboidal

type of epithelial often found in glands and kidney tubules

collagen

type of fiber found in connective tissue that provides flexible strength

osteoarthritis

type of joint disease that is described by deterioration of articular cartilage

rheumatiod arthritis

type of joint disease that is described by the autoimmune inflammation of the synovial membrane

cardiac

type of muscle that has intercalated discs

smooth

type of muscle tissue found in the walls of hollow internal organs

simple columnar epithelium

type of tissue in the small intestine

organs

visceral refers to

binds to troponin

what doescalcium do during muscle contraction? binds to troponin bonds to the cross bridges supplies energy hydrolyzes ATP

atrophy

when muscles are not used, they shrink or: atrophy hypertrophy antagonize fatigue

hyoid

which bone has no articulation with any other bone? vomer axis hyoid scapula

tendons

which of the following connects muscles to bones? tendons cartilage adipose tissue ligaments

starch

which of the following contains glucose? protein fats nucleic acid starch

ischium

which of the following coxal bones is most inferior and allows a person to sit? ischium ilium pubis

it is on the dorsal aspect of the face

which of the following is INCORRECT in describing the nose? it is superior to the mouth it is medial to the eyes it is on the dorsal aspect of the face it is inferior to the forehead

it has many blood vessels to support its nutrient needs

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? it readily divides to produce new cells it has a basement membrane to connect to underlying tissue it has many blood vessels to support its nutrient needs it always has a free surface

trabeculae

which of the following is NOT a feature of compact bone? lacunae lamellae trabeculae osteon

move food through GI tract

which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscles? generate heat maintain posture move food through GI tract keep blood moving in veins and lymphatics

adipose tissue

which of the following is a type of loose connective tissue? tendons cartilage adipose tissue ligaments

glucose

which of the following is not a component of a nucleotide? pentose sugar phosphate group glucose nitrogen-containing base

ribosomes

which of the following organelles functions in protein synthesis?

myosin

which of the following proteins found in myofilaments contain the cross bridges? myosin actin tropomyosin troponin

myosin

which of the following proteins is NOT a component of the thin filament? tropomyosin myosin troponin actin

perimysium

which of the following surrounds a fascicle? endomysium epimysium fascia perimysium

lumbar-five

which of the pairings of vertebra and their number is correct? cervical-5 thoracic-7 lumbar-5 sacrum-3

origin

which part of a muscle is on the stationary bone?

active transport

which process does not require a concentration gradient? active transport diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis

bone and cartilage

which tissue has lacunae? bone tendon cartilage bone and cartilage

thoracic and abdominal

which two cavities does the diaphragm separate?

both cardiac and smooth are correct

which type of muscle is involuntary? cardiac skeletal smooth both cardiac and smooth are correct

frontal bone

which would form by way of intramembraneous ossification? humerus metacarpal frontal bone clavicle

calcaneus

largest of the ankle bones that forms the heel

stratum corneum

layer of epidermis closest to surface

stratum basale

layer of epidermis that cells are constantly dividing

stratum lucidium

layer of epidermis that protects from abrasion and is found only in thick skin

hyaline

most common cartilage

basal cell carcinoma

most common type of skin cancer

frontal or coronal

divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

cytokinesis

division of cytoplasm and organelles

mitosis

division of the nucleus

hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone

during endochondral ossification: hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue osteoblasts break down bone hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone simple fractures are more common

a waterproof protein

keratin is: a pigment a waterproof protein located in the hypodermis described by all of these

paranasal sinuses

structures that are air-filled spaces of the skull bones

physiology

study of how an organ functions

receiving many impulses in rapid succession

summation is: receiving many impulses in rapid succession the period between stimulation and contraction the depletion of ATP a single contraction that lasts only a fraction of a second

deltiod

the ____ will abduct the arm: serratus anterior deltiodlatissimus dorsi pectoralis major

orbicularis oris

the _____ is used in forming a kiss: zygomaticus buccinator orbicularis oris orbicularis oculi

quadriceps femoris

the _____ will straighten your leg (extend) at the knee: adductor group quadriceps femoris hamstring group gluteus maximus

masseter

the ______ is used for chewing: buccinators masseter zygomaticus both the buccinator and masseter

sternocleidomastoid

the ______ is used to flex the neck and turn the head laterally: trapezius temporaliz sternocleidomastoid suprahyoid

frontalis

the ______ raises your eyebrow

trapezius

the ______ will adduct the scapulae and help extend the neck: trapezius temporalis sternocleidomastoid deltoid

biceps brachii

the _______ flexes your elbow: biceps brachii frontalis triceps brachii gluteus maximus

zygomaticus

the ________ is used to smile: zygomaticus buccinator frontalis orbicularis oris

are antagonistic

the biceps brachii and triceps brachii in the upper arm: are antagonistic are synergistic depend upon activity to determine antagonism or synergism

its number of attachments and location

the biceps femoris is named for: its shape and location its fiber direction and action its shape and number of attachments its number of attachments and location

second-degree burn

the epidermis and part of dermis damaged from a ______ degree burn