Rutgers Anatomy and Physiology Exam Review
unsaturated
Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids. When the fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, the fat is considered
foramen
a ______ is a rounded opening through a bone
osteporosis
a condition in which bones lose bone mass and therefore become weak
muscular dystrophy
a genetic disease of progressive muscle weakening and degeneration due to the lack of a protein: fibromyalgia myasthenia gracis muscular dystrophy osteoarthritis
tissue
a group of similar cells performing a specialized function
a motor neuron and the muscle fiber it supplies
a motor unit is: a group of muscles working together a motor neuron and the muscle fiber it supplies a group of muscle fiber an artery and the muscle fibers it supplies
acidic
a pH of 5.5 would be considered
the distance between Z lines
a sacromere is:
peritoneum
acute appendicitis is a danger of infection to which serous membrane
legs and arms
appendicular refers to the
osteoclasts
bone-eating (reabsorbing) cells
fluid-filled sacs
bursae are
a polysaccharide used as stored energy
glycogen is
holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells
myoglobin: breaks down glycogen holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells is a protein involved in the addition of a phosphate to ADP produces the axon terminal signal
a protein
myosin is
blood clot formation
occurs as a result of positive feedback and assists in the maintenance of homeostasis
polar
one atom has a stronger attraction for shared electrons in a bond than the other atom
carbon
organic compounds always contain _____ atoms
lipids
organic compounds that are always insoluble in water
interphase
part of the cell cycle when a cell is not dividing/doing what it is designed to do
36%
percentage of a person's skin that would be involved if they had burned their left arm, front of the trunk, and front of the left leg
trachea
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue is found in/on the _____
diffusion
random movement of simple substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
there is no ATP to relax the muscles
rigor mortis occurs because: there is no ATP to relax the muscles the body temperature drops there are no brain waves there are no nerve signals
supination
rotating the arms so that the palms are forward is an example of: elevation abduction inversion supination
sarcolemma
special name for the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
goblet cells
specialized columnar cells that secrete mucus onto the surfaces of the tissue are called
its action and attachment
the extensor digitorium is named for: its action and attachment its location and action its size and attachment its number of attachments and shape
phagocytosis
the formation of a pocket of the plasma membrane to bring in solid materials
its size and location
the gluteus maximus muscle is named for: its size and shape its size and location its shape and action its attachment and fiber direction
medial
the heart is _____ to the lungs
fluid mosaic model
the movement of protein molecules within the phospholipids bilayer is described by the
prime mover
the muscle that does most of the work for a particular movement is called the: prime mover synergist insertion antagonist
selectively permeable
the plasma membrane is
sarcoplasmic reticulum
the smooth ER that stores calcium ions
hypogastric
the urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region?
epithelium
tissue type that covers surfaces and lines cavities
compact bone
tissue type that is made of concentric rings called an osteon or Haversian system
transitional
type of epithelial found in the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch and slide to create a barrier
simple squamous
type of epithelial found where simple diffusion occurs
simple cuboidal
type of epithelial often found in glands and kidney tubules
collagen
type of fiber found in connective tissue that provides flexible strength
osteoarthritis
type of joint disease that is described by deterioration of articular cartilage
rheumatiod arthritis
type of joint disease that is described by the autoimmune inflammation of the synovial membrane
cardiac
type of muscle that has intercalated discs
smooth
type of muscle tissue found in the walls of hollow internal organs
simple columnar epithelium
type of tissue in the small intestine
organs
visceral refers to
binds to troponin
what doescalcium do during muscle contraction? binds to troponin bonds to the cross bridges supplies energy hydrolyzes ATP
atrophy
when muscles are not used, they shrink or: atrophy hypertrophy antagonize fatigue
hyoid
which bone has no articulation with any other bone? vomer axis hyoid scapula
tendons
which of the following connects muscles to bones? tendons cartilage adipose tissue ligaments
starch
which of the following contains glucose? protein fats nucleic acid starch
ischium
which of the following coxal bones is most inferior and allows a person to sit? ischium ilium pubis
it is on the dorsal aspect of the face
which of the following is INCORRECT in describing the nose? it is superior to the mouth it is medial to the eyes it is on the dorsal aspect of the face it is inferior to the forehead
it has many blood vessels to support its nutrient needs
which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? it readily divides to produce new cells it has a basement membrane to connect to underlying tissue it has many blood vessels to support its nutrient needs it always has a free surface
trabeculae
which of the following is NOT a feature of compact bone? lacunae lamellae trabeculae osteon
move food through GI tract
which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscles? generate heat maintain posture move food through GI tract keep blood moving in veins and lymphatics
adipose tissue
which of the following is a type of loose connective tissue? tendons cartilage adipose tissue ligaments
glucose
which of the following is not a component of a nucleotide? pentose sugar phosphate group glucose nitrogen-containing base
ribosomes
which of the following organelles functions in protein synthesis?
myosin
which of the following proteins found in myofilaments contain the cross bridges? myosin actin tropomyosin troponin
myosin
which of the following proteins is NOT a component of the thin filament? tropomyosin myosin troponin actin
perimysium
which of the following surrounds a fascicle? endomysium epimysium fascia perimysium
lumbar-five
which of the pairings of vertebra and their number is correct? cervical-5 thoracic-7 lumbar-5 sacrum-3
origin
which part of a muscle is on the stationary bone?
active transport
which process does not require a concentration gradient? active transport diffusion facilitated diffusion osmosis
bone and cartilage
which tissue has lacunae? bone tendon cartilage bone and cartilage
thoracic and abdominal
which two cavities does the diaphragm separate?
both cardiac and smooth are correct
which type of muscle is involuntary? cardiac skeletal smooth both cardiac and smooth are correct
frontal bone
which would form by way of intramembraneous ossification? humerus metacarpal frontal bone clavicle
calcaneus
largest of the ankle bones that forms the heel
stratum corneum
layer of epidermis closest to surface
stratum basale
layer of epidermis that cells are constantly dividing
stratum lucidium
layer of epidermis that protects from abrasion and is found only in thick skin
hyaline
most common cartilage
basal cell carcinoma
most common type of skin cancer
frontal or coronal
divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
cytokinesis
division of cytoplasm and organelles
mitosis
division of the nucleus
hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone
during endochondral ossification: hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue osteoblasts break down bone hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone simple fractures are more common
a waterproof protein
keratin is: a pigment a waterproof protein located in the hypodermis described by all of these
paranasal sinuses
structures that are air-filled spaces of the skull bones
physiology
study of how an organ functions
receiving many impulses in rapid succession
summation is: receiving many impulses in rapid succession the period between stimulation and contraction the depletion of ATP a single contraction that lasts only a fraction of a second
deltiod
the ____ will abduct the arm: serratus anterior deltiodlatissimus dorsi pectoralis major
orbicularis oris
the _____ is used in forming a kiss: zygomaticus buccinator orbicularis oris orbicularis oculi
quadriceps femoris
the _____ will straighten your leg (extend) at the knee: adductor group quadriceps femoris hamstring group gluteus maximus
masseter
the ______ is used for chewing: buccinators masseter zygomaticus both the buccinator and masseter
sternocleidomastoid
the ______ is used to flex the neck and turn the head laterally: trapezius temporaliz sternocleidomastoid suprahyoid
frontalis
the ______ raises your eyebrow
trapezius
the ______ will adduct the scapulae and help extend the neck: trapezius temporalis sternocleidomastoid deltoid
biceps brachii
the _______ flexes your elbow: biceps brachii frontalis triceps brachii gluteus maximus
zygomaticus
the ________ is used to smile: zygomaticus buccinator frontalis orbicularis oris
are antagonistic
the biceps brachii and triceps brachii in the upper arm: are antagonistic are synergistic depend upon activity to determine antagonism or synergism
its number of attachments and location
the biceps femoris is named for: its shape and location its fiber direction and action its shape and number of attachments its number of attachments and location
second-degree burn
the epidermis and part of dermis damaged from a ______ degree burn