SAChE Fire Hazards
LFL at ambient temp in air for carbon monoxide is 12.5 volume %. The LFL for ethane is 2.9. Estimate LFL at ambient temp in air for mix of 0.7 mole frac carbon monoxide and 0.3 mol frac of ethane
1/[(0.7/12.5)+(0.3/2.9)]=6.27
Steel exposed to a heat flux of greater than ____ can lead to structure failure.
100 kW/m2
The NFPA defines a combustible liquid as one whose flash point is ____ when tested by closed-cup methods.
100F or higher
At what oxygen concentration do people generally experience impaired judgement and coordination?
17%
What are ways you could ensure that you are operating below the flash point of a liquid?
2 choices: Dilute the mixture.... and adjust the operating temp...
In the list below, select all the statements that are true.
2 choices: if not properly designed and fireproofing will increase
What categories do fire injuries and fatalities fall into?
2 choices: respiratory and thermal
Which number in the OSHA... greatest hazard?
3 I think- definitely not 4
Static charge is generated when:
3 choices: solid particles, fluids flow, fluid is agitated
What is the AIT of acetylene?
325
A "non-ignitable" atmosphere is commonly defined as less than ____ oxygen.
5%
When oxygen levels are at ____, a person can go into respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest, or even die.
6%
Click the diamond within the NFPA fire diamond that indicates the flammability hazard of a material.
A (top diamond)
Which of the following components of smoke can be lethal?
All of the above
Which of the following can become deformed by heat radiation to the point that it begins to leak?
All of the above I think
Secondary fires can occur because of:
All of the options
A pool fire burning under of near a tank of flammable liquid may cause the tank to explore in what is called a ___.
BLVE
What flammable mixture prevention technique involves keeping the head space above the liquid in a storage tank or other vessel full of an inert gas?
Blanketing
The flash point is usually expressed in units of ____.
C
Which of the following is a free online resource which provides numerous properties of chemicals?
CAMEO Chemicals
Two common methods for experimentally determining the flash point are the "open-cup" and "closed-cup" methods. Which is preferred?
Closed cup
____ is defined as any finely divided solid materials which present a fire or explosion hazard when dispersed and ignited in air.
Combustible dust
Thermal flux is a function of:
Distance, size, and I think intensity... its not just distance and size
Particles within smoke may be irritating to the:
Eyes and skin I think, I got it wrong when I did eyes, skin and digestive system
T or F: A functioning valve installed in a tank loading line is adequate precaution against leaks of flammable material.
F
T or F: A vessel's maximum pressure rating is independent of temperature.
F
T or F: Although often in extinguishing a fire, water damage due to sprinklers is often greater than if the fire had been allowed to burn itself out.
F
T or F: Although the U.S. EPA's ALOHA software...
F
T or F: Due to a flash fire's short duration, combustible materials inside a building within the danger zone are not susceptible to catching fire if the fire initiates outside the building.
F
T or F: Fog-like droplets of liquid within the vapor component of smoke can poison if absorbed through the skin.
F
T or F: Grounding equalizes the potential charges but does not eliminate static charge.
F
T or F: If toxics are released due to a fire at a process facility, it's unlikely that plant workers and members of the surrounding community
F
T or F: Inherently safer designs control hazards with added- on protective equipment
F
T or F: No sources of electricity should be used in process facilities that utilize flammable materials.
F
T or F: Since fire tends to travel uphill, it's generally preferable to locate the flammable storage area uphill of the process area.
F
T or F: To minimize risk of fire due to static discharge, it is imperative that nonconductive materials of construction are used for the storage and transfer of flammables.
F
T or F: To minimize the distance flammables have to travel during transfer, API recommends that...
F
T o F: Most fire-related deaths are due to burns.
False
T or F: Oxygen is the only oxidizer that can result in a fire when a fuel and ignition source are present.
False
____ result when a flammable material is released to the atmosphere and ignition is delayed.
Flash fires
The ___ is the lowest temperature at which a liquid will give off sufficient vapor to be ignited in the air.
Flashpoint
Thermal Dose= ____.
Flux * Exposure Time
What are the requirements for a fire to exist?
Fuel, heat, oxidizer
Flouorine (F2) is an oxidizer in ___ form.
Gaseous
Which of the following is most hazardous based on its flammability range?
Hydrogen
In what section(s) of a SDS will you commonly find the material's fuel classification?
I think Hazards identification but idk the other one. I know it isn't physical and chemical and hazards (that didn't work)
In the U.S., codes related to fire are primarily found in:
I think it's DOT and OSHA only
In the U.S., fire hazard prevention and mitigation guidelines are provided by:
I think it's NFPA, and OSHA but idk the other one- I think it's three choices like API
The hazard zone of longer lasting fires (as opposed to flash fires) can extend far beyond the flame region due to:
I think its exposure time
Thermal radiation intensity as a function of distance from a fire can be predicted using models which consider:
Idk it is not both physics and characteristics. Im p sure it's characteristics, physics, and atmospheric
Large, smoldering piles of fuels:
It is not can catastrophically, so i think it is can spontaneously
What can be installed in buildings or process areas that will alarm if flammables are detected at a certain level?
It is not heat detector- idk maybe it's a fire eye?
The ____ is the lowest concentration of a substance in air that will sustain combustion.
LFL
What does the point identified by the black dot on this flammability diagram represent? (black dot is at the bottom right of the pink triangle at the very tip (not on the blue line)
LOC
In general, which is more hazardous... a material with a low MIE or a high MIE
Low MIE
The minimum amount of energy required to ignite a combustible vapor, gas or dust cloud is called the _____.
MIE
What is the most common gas used for inerting?
Nitrogen
During a _____ purge, the vessel is pressurized with the inert gas and then the pressure is relieved.
Pressure
Final
Questions below
Unit 1 Quiz
Questions below
Unit 2
Questions below
Unit 3
Questions below
Which of the following are not combustible?
Steel and Glass
T or F: A fire eye is set to alarm when a flame is indicated.
T
T or F: An LEL monitor may trip safety systems such as the ventilation system.
T
T or F: Dikes help prevent fires by reducing the likelihood of ignition.
T
T or F: If in powdered form, aluminum and bronze are flammable.
T
T or F: LFL and UFL are often used interchangeably with LEL and UEL.
T
T or F: Purging for the purpose of fire prevention involves the use of an inert gas to sweep air or flammables out of lines or equipment.
T
In general, what is the best source for an SDS?
The company that produces or sells the material in the form in which it's used
In terms of deaths, injuries and property damage, why was the 2013 West Fertilizer Company event so severe?
The detonation of a large quantity of ammonium nitrate stored at the facility.
The ____ is the highest concentration of a substance in air that will sustain combustion.
UFL
The fire that occurred at the chevron refinery in richmond, california in 2012 was:
a vapor phase fire
What is the most common toxic gas component of smoke?
carbon monoxide
The MIE of a solid decreases as the particle size ____.
decreases
____ eliminates spark discharges (which are potential ignition sources) between two conductors.
grounding
A stoichiometric mixture is one in which the reactants are:
in the correct proportion for a complete reaction
Deformation of steel can occur...
its not 100 idk i think its 25
A ____ is the burning of a stream of gas, vapor or liquid
jet fire
Thermal dose is measured in:
kW-hr/m2 and J/m2
Acetone is a ___ phase fuel.
liquid
Which incident discussed in this unit resulted in a vapor cloud explosion (VCE)?
not chevron
For a flash fire, the danger zone is:
not sure but I think it's anywhere within a 10 meter radius- it is definitely not within the flammable cloud and it is also not within one meter
The autoignition temperature of a flammable material is the temperature at which ___
the material will begin to burn without any other source of igntition
Select the statement in the list below that is true.
thermal flux decreases with the square
T or F: Regarding a flash fire hazard, people and material within the danger zone can be exposed to direct flame contact.
T
T or F: Regarding a flash fire, injuries to persons outside of the flammable cloud should be minimal.
T
T or F: Stainless steel tubing can burn in pure oxygen or fluorine if it gets hot enough.
T
T or F: The flash point is defined only for liquids at a pressure of 1 atm
T
T or F: The shade or shadow of a building...
T
T or F: When the air is hot enough, one breath can kill.
T
Chloric acid (HCl3O) is an oxidizer in ___ form.
liquid
What approach to inherently safer design uses smaller quantities of flammable materials, reducing the potential consequences should a fire occur?
minimize
What approach to inherently safer design is being employed when the concentration of alcohol in water solution used as a process solvent is lowered to ensure that the flash point of the solution is above the process operating temperature?
moderate
When filling a container, static charge can be avoided by:
okay its not allowing the liquid, i think it might be filling the container or slowly dripping
Release of additional flammable materials can lead to secondary fires. What might cause the release if additional flammable material?
omg i got this wrong fml: okay so i think its the retardant one and either weakening or failure of support. its def not retardant and seals. that was wrong
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding jet fires?
2 choices: the impingement of a jet fire onto anything and if a jet fire impinger a structure
In the list below, what impacts the intensity of a fire?
2 choices: type of fire and the fuel
Which of the following can ignite as secondary fires?
2 choices: wood and synthetic materials
