Sampling - Quiz

In an SRS (simple random sample), suppose only 40% of people sent back their votes. This study potentially has bias from Non Response and __________.

volunteer response

A(n) ________ is almost guaranteed to be biased because participants tend to be comprised of individual who have a particularly strong opinion about and issue and are looking for an opportunity to voice it. They may also be motivated to participate out of desperation.

volunteer sample

A(n) ________ is sometimes the only ethical way to obtain a sample, example medical studies.

volunteer sample

Posting a music lover's survey on a university internet bulletin board and asking students to vote for their favorite type is called a(n) ________.

volunteer sample

________ is where individuals have offered to participate in the study.

volunteer sample

A convenience sample may also be susceptible to _____ because certain types of individuals are more likely to be selected than others. In the extreme, some convenience samples are designed in such a way that certain individuals have no chance at all of being selected.

bias

A sample that produces data that is not representative because of the systematic under- or over-estimations of the values of the variable of interest is called _____.

bias

If there are too many nonrespondents, and they are different from respondents in an important way, the sample may have _____.

bias

Sampling frame can introduce _____ because the sampling frame may not match the population as closely as possible.

bias

_______ may result from either a poor sampling plan or from poor design for evaluation the variable of interest.

bias

In ______ sampling, we take a random sample of groups, and include every individual from those groups.

cluster

In ________ sampling, we take a random sample of groups (or sub-populations), and use all the individuals within the selected clusters as our sample.

cluster

In order to get a sample of high-school seniors from a certain city, you choose 3 high schools at random from among all the high schools in that city, and use all the high school seniors in the three selected high schools as your sample, this is an example of _______ sampling

cluster

_______ sampling is sampling technique is used when our population is naturally divided into groups. This technique includes some of the groups *in their entirety*.

cluster

A(n) _______ sample is where individuals happen to be at the right time and place to suit the schedule of the researcher.

convenience

Standing outside the student union and asking students passing by to respond to your questions about music preference is a(n) _______ sample.

convenience

________ does not imply causation.

correlation

A simple random sample is the _______ way to base a selection on randomness.

easiest

All the students in a certain college are divided by gender or by year in college; all the registered voters in a certain city are divided by race are examples of ______.

groups

A(n) _____ is a person/object that is a member of the population to be studied.

individual

______ sampling is a complex form of cluster sampling.

multistage

_______ sampling makes the sampling process more manageable by working down from a large population to successively smaller groups within the population, taking advantage of stratifying or clustering along the way, and often finishes up with either a cluster sample or a simple random sample.

multistage

_______ refers to individuals who do not go along with the researchers' intention to include them in a study.

nonresponse

The entire group of individuals to be studied is called a ______.

population

A _______ sampling plan (such as a simple random sample, cluster, or stratified sampling) will result in a nonbiased sample, which can be safely used to make inferences

probability

The safest way to avoid bias is to use _______ sampling.

random

A(n) ____ is a subset of the population that will be studied.

sample

It is essential that the _______ be truly representative of the largest population

sample

Studies should be designed to discover what we want to know about the variables of interest for individuals in the ________.

sample

The larger the ________, the more accurate the survey.

sample

______ is the number of participants in a study and determines the accuracy of the predictions we make based on the surveys.

sample size

Two steps to producing data are _____ and study design.

sampling

Ask your professors for email rosters of all the students in your classes. Randomly sample some addresses, and email those students with your question about musical preference. In this case, the roster is considered the ________.

sampling frame

_________ lists potential individuals to be samples and may not match the population of interest.

sampling frame

A(n) ______ is the simplest probability sampling plan, it is equivalent to selecting random names out of a hat, where each individual has the same chance of being selected.

simple random sample (SRS)

Obtain a student directory with email addresses of all the university's students, and send your music poll to a randomized subset is an example of ________.

simple random sample (SRS)

______ sampling is when individuals are sampled completely at random, and without replacement, then each individual is equally likely to be selected.

simple random sample (SRS)

In ______ sampling, we take a simple random sample (SRS) of every group.

stratified

In _______ sampling, we choose a simple random sample from each group, and our sample consists of all these simple random samples put together.

stratified

In order to get a random sample of high-school seniors from a certain city, we choose a random sample of 25 seniors from each of the high schools in that city. Our sample consists of all these samples put together. This is called a(n) ______ sample.

stratified

________ sampling is used when our population is naturally divided into groups. This technique ensures that each of the some of the groups is equally represented..

stratified

Obtain a student directory with email addresses of all the university's students, and send the music poll to every 50th name on the list is an example of _______ sampling.

systematic

Selecting every 8th from a list is an example of ________ sampling.

systematic