sap exam 1

Enterprise Systems

Impossible to manage processes that are geographically dispersed without utilizing modern information systems Enterprise systems (ES) support end-to-end processes Investments in ES have provided Increased profitability Increased productivity Competitive edge

Three Tier - Layers

1. Presentation -How the user interacts with program -Menus, typing, selecting 2. Application -What the program allows you to do 3. Data Layer -How data is stored The three-tier client service architecture separates these layers into three separate systems

A fulfillment Process

1. Sales (receive customer purchase order) Sales (create sales order) 2. Warehouse (prepare shipment (pick and pack)) Warehouse (send shipment (ship)) 3. Accounting (create and send invoice) Accounting (receive payment)

A Procurement Process

1. Warehouse (create purchase requisition) 2. Purchasing (create and send purchase order) 3. Warehouse (receive materials) 4. Accounting (receive invoice) Accounting (send payment)

The Production Process

1. Warehouse (request production) 2. Production (authorize production) 3. Warehouse (issue raw materials) 4. Production (create production) 5. Warehouse (receive finished goods)

OLAP

Analytical Environment analysis information system Various analysis tools In ERP: Information systems (OLAP lite) In BW: Various reporting tools

Much of what you do on the internet uses the three-tier architecture

Browser = presentation layer Connect to Web-sites = application layer Retrieve and store data in connected data base = Data layer

Business Process 3

Cannot be efficient and effective without communication and collaboration among functions. -If customer order is not communicated to the warehouse, the product cannot be shipped in time. -Before sales confirms the order they must check with: --the warehouse to make sure the product is available. --Accounting to make sure the customer is credit-worthy.

Enterprise Systems (ES)

Complex and powerful information systems SAP Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is the world's most popular High level of integration and interdependence among processes Even in small situations it is difficult execute these processes manually.

Business Processes 2

Every process is triggered by some event -Purchase = Purchase requisition -Sale = customer sale inquiry -Billing = shipment Customer places order for bicycle Process Steps -Validate order-Sales -Prepare shipment-Warehouse -Issue invoice - Accounting Consists of interdependent steps that are completed in different parts of the organization.

Enterprise Resource Planning Systems

Focus primary on internal operations of an organization Integrate functional and cross-functional business processes SAP is a fully integrated, global ERP system Supports multiple languages and currencies

GBI Organizational Structure

GBI Global -GBI US ---Miami Distribution Center ---San Diego Distribution Center ---Dallas Manufacturing Plant -GBI Germany ---Heidlburg Manufacturing Plant ---Hamburg Distribution Center

Master Data

Long-term data that typically represent entities associated with various processes? Customer Vendor Material Typically include General data (across company codes) Financial data (CC specific) Area-specific data (Sales, Purchasing, Plant) Entities associated with various processes Customers, vendors, materials

Master Data

Master files require data that may not be used by other processes Who is responsible How much should be ordered Availability Shipping Because the material master is used by numerous processes- it includes a large amount of data To manage the data - the information is grouped into Views

Functional Organizational Structure

Most common organizational structure Functional structure divided into functions or departments -Purchasing -Production -Warehouse Functions perform specialized tasks or activities Processes cut across functions

OLTP

Online transaction process lists execute process steps quickly Detailed, transactional data Data warehouse -Data aggregation and reduction using --Qualitative reduction by aggregating by time period --Quantitative reduction by selecting key figures (KPI) --In ERP: Information structures --In BW: Infocubes, info providers, etc.

Transaction Data

Processes -Organizational Level -Master Data -Situational Data --Result in transaction data Consequences of executing processes steps Examples -Date -Quantities -Prices -Payment terms -Delivery terms

Material Types

Raw materials (ROH) -Purchased, not sold, used in production -Purchasing- and production-related views -No sales-related view Semi-finished goods (HALB) -Produced using other materials (ROH, HALB) -Used in the production of other materials (HALB, FERT) -Not purchased or sold Finished goods (FERT) -Produced using other materials (ROH, HALB) -Sold to customers Trading goods (HAWA) -Purchased and resold without additional processing Numerous other types

Business Processes 1

Sequence of tasks or activities that produce desired outcomes Key processes -Procurement -Fulfillment -Production Processes interrelated with other processes Processes may have sub-processes

The Functional Structure Picture

Study off pp slide 2 ch 1

Architecture of Enterprise Systems

Technical structure -Of the software -Ways users interact with the software -Ways software is physically managed on computer hardware Two types of Architecture -Client-Server -Service-Oriented -Both have advantages and disadvantages

A Generic Business Process

Trigger -> step 1 -> step 2 -> step 3 -> outcomes

Material Master

used in numerous processes Procurement Fulfillment Production Material planning Asset management Project systems Lifecycle data management Data are grouped based on Process Material type Organization element Most complex and extensively used Used in numerous processes Purchased, sold, produced, planned for Used in maintenance, service and projects