SAUNDERS HESI STUDY for PHARM - Endocrine Meds

Desmopressin

"It increases water reabsorption."

1. Unusual somnolence 2. HYPERventilation 3. myalgia 4. malaise are early signs of

*Lactic Acidosis* a toxic effect associated with metformin. If any of these signs or symptoms occur, the client should inform the health care provider immediately.

The home health care nurse is visiting a client who was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client is prescribed repaglinide and metformin. The nurse should provide which instructions to the client? Select all that apply.

- Diarrhea may occur secondary to the metformin. - The repaglinide is not taken if a meal is skipped. - The repaglinide is taken 30 minutes before eating. - A simple sugar food item is carried and used to treat mild hypoglycemia episodes.

Because *pramlintide delays gastric emptying*, oral medications should be given

1 hour before or 2 hours after an injection of pramlintide;

*Antithyroid medications* can cause

1. *agranulocytosis* (Sore throat, fever, headache, or bleeding may indicate agranulocytosis and the health care provider should be notified immediately) 2. leukopenia 3. thrombocytopenia.

Because of the increase in metabolism that occurs in hyperthyroidism, the client should consume a

high-calorie diet.

Bradycardia and constipation are are associated with

hypothyroidism

The client with hyperparathyroidism is taking alendronate. Which statements by the client indicate understanding of the proper way to take this medication?

"I should sit up for at least 30 minutes after taking this medication." "I should take this medication first thing in the morning on an empty stomach."

When *alcohol is combined with glimepiride*, a *disulfiram-like reaction* may occur. This syndrome includes 1. flushing 2. palpitations 3. nausea *Alcohol* can also potentiate the *hypoglycemic* effects of the medication.

Clients need to be instructed to *avoid alcohol consumption* while taking this medication. *Low-calorie desserts should also be avoided*. Even though the calorie content may be low, carbohydrate content is most likely high and can affect the blood glucose.

*Pramlintide* is used for clients with types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus *who use insulin*.

It is administered *subcutaneously before meals* to lower blood glucose level after meals, leading to less fluctuation during the day and better long-term glucose control.

*Metformin* is classified as a *biguanide* and is the most commonly used medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus initially.

It is also often used as a preventive medication for those at high risk for developing diabetes mellitus.

*Glimepiride* is prescribed for a client with diabetes mellitus. The nurse instructs the client that which food items are most acceptable to consume while taking this medication? Select all that apply. Alcohol Red meats Whole-grain cereals Low-calorie desserts Carbonated beverages

Red meats Whole-grain cereals Carbonated beverages

Wirth Prednisone - A slight weight gain as a result of an improved appetite is expected; however, after the dosage is stabilized,

a weight gain of 5 pounds (2.25 kg) or more weekly should be reported to the HCP.

Prednisone should be taken

at the same time every day and should be instructed not to stop the medication

While it is best to avoid consumption of alcohol, it is not always realistic or feasible for clients to quit drinking altogether when using Metformin; for this reason,

clients should be informed that excessive alcohol intake can cause an adverse reaction with metformin.

Insomnia, weight loss, and mild heat intolerance are side effects of .

levothyroxine sodium

When used alone, metformin

lowers the blood sugar after meal intake as well as fasting blood glucose levels.

Common side effects of *methimazole* include

nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. To address these side effects, this medication should be taken with food.

Metformin does not stimulate insulin release and therefore

poses little risk for hypoglycemia. For this reason, metformin is well suited for clients who skip meals.

When taking prednisone. *Aspirin* and *other over-the-counter* medications

should not be taken unless the client consults with the HCP.

*Pramlintide* should not be

taken at the same time as other medications.

Methimazole is *not radioactive* and should *not be stopped abruptly* due to

the risk of thyroid storm.

Caffeine-containing foods and fluids need to be avoided when taking prednisone because

they may contribute to *steroid-ulcer development.*