SB Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves

The thoracic part of the spinal cord lies _____ to the cervical part. It contains the neurons for the _______ spinal nerves.

inferior, thoracic

A posterior funiculus lies between the ______ gray horns on the posterior side of the cord and the posterior median sulcus.

posterior

The two main branches of a spinal nerve are the ventral and _____ rami.

posterior

After leaving the intervertebral foramen, a typical spinal nerve almost immediately splits into branches, termed ______.

rami

Each brachial plexus is composed of anterior _____, trunks, divisions, and _____ when examined from a medial to lateral perspective.

rami, cords

The spinal cord and spinal nerves are responsible for ______, which are our quickest reactions to a stimulus.

reflexes

The spinal cord and its attached spinal nerves are a pathway for ______ impulses.

sensory and motor

A reflex arc is the neural wiring of a ______ reflex.

single

A hypoactive reflex may indicate damage to a segment of the ______, or it may suggest muscle disease or damage to the ______ junction.

spinal cord, neuromuscular

Deep to the arachnoid mater is the ______ space, which is a real space filled with ______ fluid.

subarachnoid, cerebrospinal

The anterior rami (sometimes called roots) of the brachial plexus are simply the continuations of the ______ rami of spinal nerves ______.

anterior, C5-T1

The left and right sacral plexuses are formed from the ______ rami of spinal nerves ______ and are located immediately inferior to the lumbar plexuses.

anterior, L4-S4

The lumbar plexus is subdivided into a(n) ______ division and a ______ division.

anterior, posterior

The left and right lumbar plexuses are formed from the ______ rami of spinal nerves L1-L4 located lateral to the L1-L4 vertebrae and along the ______ muscle in the posterior abdominal wall.

anterior, psoas major

There are 8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves, but only 7 cervical vertebrae, because the first cervical pair emerges between the ______ and the ______.

atlas, occipital bone

The lateral horns contain the cell bodies of ______ neurons.

autonomic motor

During development, the individual vertebrae ______ spinal cord growth is complete.

continue to grow after

When a stimulus results in the stretching of a muscle, that muscle reflexively ______.

contracts

One important branch of the cervical plexus is the phrenic nerve, which is formed primarily from the ______ nerve and some contributing axons from ______.

C4, C3 and C5

Which spinal nerves give rise to the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?

C8 and T1

The spinal cord extends inferiorly from the brain through the ______ and then through the vertebral canal and ends at the level of the ____ vertebra.

foramen magnum, L1

The coccygeal region is the most ______ part of the spinal cord.

inferior

The sacral part lies _____ to the lumbar part and contains the neurons for the _____ spinal nerves.

inferior, sacral

The white matter region on each lateral side of the spinal cord is the ______.

lateral funiculus

The lumbar part of the spinal cord contains the neurons for the ______ spinal nerves.

lumbar

The spinal cord is continuous with the ______.

medulla oblongata

A spinal nerve contains ______ axons.

motor and sensory

The cervical part of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of ______ neurons whose axons contribute to the cervical nerves. These neurons receive input from ______ neurons through these same spinal nerves.

motor, sensory

An example of a stretch reflex is the ______.

patellar reflex

Each brachial plexus innervates the ______ and the entire ______ of one side.

pectoral girdle, upper limb

Deep to the subarachnoid space, is a delicate, innermost meningeal layer composed of elastic and collagen fibers. This layer is known as the ______.

pia mater

The longest nerve in the body is the _______ nerve.

sciatic

The spinal cord in an adult is ______ than the vertebral canal that houses it.

shorter

Motor axons in a spinal nerve originate in the ______.

spinal cord

A hyperactive reflex refers to an abnormally ______ response.

strong

The cervical part of the spinal cord is the ______ most portion of the spinal cord.

superior

There are five roots of anterior rami that unite to form the superior, middle, and inferior ______ in the posterior triangle of the neck.

trunks

The left and right brachial plexuses are networks of nerves that supply the ______.

upper limb

The sciatic nerve is actually composed of two divisions wrapped in a common sheath. What are the two divisions?

Tibial and common fibular

the principal plexus are the _____ plexus, _____ plexus, _____ plexus, and sacral plexus

cervical, lumbar, brachial

Portions of the superior, middle and inferior trunks divide deep to the ______ into an anterior division and a posterior division, which primarily contain axons that innervate the anterior and posterior parts of the ______.

clavicle, upper limb

The ______ part of the spinal cord is sometimes considered to be part of the sacral region.

coccygeal

In general, nerves from the anterior division of the brachial plexus tend to innervate muscles that ______ the parts of the upper limb. Nerves from the posterior division of the brachial plexus tend to innervatemuscles that ______ the parts of the upper limb.

flex, extend

The diameter of a typical adult spinal cord is about ______.

3/4 of an inch

The spinal cord is associated with ______ pairs of spinal nerves.

31

The ______ rami of most spinal nerves form nerve plexuses on the right or left side of the body.

anterior

The lateral cord of the brachial plexus is lateral to the axillary artery and is formed from the ______ divisions of the superior and middle trunks; thus, it contains portions of nerves ______.

anterior, C5-C7

The components of the ______ plexus extend laterally from the neck, pass superior to the first rib, and then continue into the axilla.

brachial

The spinal cord is partitioned into a ______ gray matter region and a ______ white matter region.

deep, superficial

The gray matter of the spinal cord is dominated by the ______ and ______ of neurons.

dendrites, cell bodies

The phrenic nerve travels through the thoracic cavity to innervate the ______.

diaphragm

In the brachial plexus the posterior cord contains portions of ______ nerves.

C5 - T1

A reflex arc always begins at a receptor in the ______, communicates with the ______, and ends at a peripheral effector, such as a muscle or gland cell.

PNS, CNS

Lateral horns are found in the ______ parts of the spinal cord only.

T1-L2