SB Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves
The thoracic part of the spinal cord lies _____ to the cervical part. It contains the neurons for the _______ spinal nerves.
inferior, thoracic
A posterior funiculus lies between the ______ gray horns on the posterior side of the cord and the posterior median sulcus.
posterior
The two main branches of a spinal nerve are the ventral and _____ rami.
posterior
After leaving the intervertebral foramen, a typical spinal nerve almost immediately splits into branches, termed ______.
rami
Each brachial plexus is composed of anterior _____, trunks, divisions, and _____ when examined from a medial to lateral perspective.
rami, cords
The spinal cord and spinal nerves are responsible for ______, which are our quickest reactions to a stimulus.
reflexes
The spinal cord and its attached spinal nerves are a pathway for ______ impulses.
sensory and motor
A reflex arc is the neural wiring of a ______ reflex.
single
A hypoactive reflex may indicate damage to a segment of the ______, or it may suggest muscle disease or damage to the ______ junction.
spinal cord, neuromuscular
Deep to the arachnoid mater is the ______ space, which is a real space filled with ______ fluid.
subarachnoid, cerebrospinal
The anterior rami (sometimes called roots) of the brachial plexus are simply the continuations of the ______ rami of spinal nerves ______.
anterior, C5-T1
The left and right sacral plexuses are formed from the ______ rami of spinal nerves ______ and are located immediately inferior to the lumbar plexuses.
anterior, L4-S4
The lumbar plexus is subdivided into a(n) ______ division and a ______ division.
anterior, posterior
The left and right lumbar plexuses are formed from the ______ rami of spinal nerves L1-L4 located lateral to the L1-L4 vertebrae and along the ______ muscle in the posterior abdominal wall.
anterior, psoas major
There are 8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves, but only 7 cervical vertebrae, because the first cervical pair emerges between the ______ and the ______.
atlas, occipital bone
The lateral horns contain the cell bodies of ______ neurons.
autonomic motor
During development, the individual vertebrae ______ spinal cord growth is complete.
continue to grow after
When a stimulus results in the stretching of a muscle, that muscle reflexively ______.
contracts
One important branch of the cervical plexus is the phrenic nerve, which is formed primarily from the ______ nerve and some contributing axons from ______.
C4, C3 and C5
Which spinal nerves give rise to the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?
C8 and T1
The spinal cord extends inferiorly from the brain through the ______ and then through the vertebral canal and ends at the level of the ____ vertebra.
foramen magnum, L1
The coccygeal region is the most ______ part of the spinal cord.
inferior
The sacral part lies _____ to the lumbar part and contains the neurons for the _____ spinal nerves.
inferior, sacral
The white matter region on each lateral side of the spinal cord is the ______.
lateral funiculus
The lumbar part of the spinal cord contains the neurons for the ______ spinal nerves.
lumbar
The spinal cord is continuous with the ______.
medulla oblongata
A spinal nerve contains ______ axons.
motor and sensory
The cervical part of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of ______ neurons whose axons contribute to the cervical nerves. These neurons receive input from ______ neurons through these same spinal nerves.
motor, sensory
An example of a stretch reflex is the ______.
patellar reflex
Each brachial plexus innervates the ______ and the entire ______ of one side.
pectoral girdle, upper limb
Deep to the subarachnoid space, is a delicate, innermost meningeal layer composed of elastic and collagen fibers. This layer is known as the ______.
pia mater
The longest nerve in the body is the _______ nerve.
sciatic
The spinal cord in an adult is ______ than the vertebral canal that houses it.
shorter
Motor axons in a spinal nerve originate in the ______.
spinal cord
A hyperactive reflex refers to an abnormally ______ response.
strong
The cervical part of the spinal cord is the ______ most portion of the spinal cord.
superior
There are five roots of anterior rami that unite to form the superior, middle, and inferior ______ in the posterior triangle of the neck.
trunks
The left and right brachial plexuses are networks of nerves that supply the ______.
upper limb
The sciatic nerve is actually composed of two divisions wrapped in a common sheath. What are the two divisions?
Tibial and common fibular
the principal plexus are the _____ plexus, _____ plexus, _____ plexus, and sacral plexus
cervical, lumbar, brachial
Portions of the superior, middle and inferior trunks divide deep to the ______ into an anterior division and a posterior division, which primarily contain axons that innervate the anterior and posterior parts of the ______.
clavicle, upper limb
The ______ part of the spinal cord is sometimes considered to be part of the sacral region.
coccygeal
In general, nerves from the anterior division of the brachial plexus tend to innervate muscles that ______ the parts of the upper limb. Nerves from the posterior division of the brachial plexus tend to innervatemuscles that ______ the parts of the upper limb.
flex, extend
The diameter of a typical adult spinal cord is about ______.
3/4 of an inch
The spinal cord is associated with ______ pairs of spinal nerves.
31
The ______ rami of most spinal nerves form nerve plexuses on the right or left side of the body.
anterior
The lateral cord of the brachial plexus is lateral to the axillary artery and is formed from the ______ divisions of the superior and middle trunks; thus, it contains portions of nerves ______.
anterior, C5-C7
The components of the ______ plexus extend laterally from the neck, pass superior to the first rib, and then continue into the axilla.
brachial
The spinal cord is partitioned into a ______ gray matter region and a ______ white matter region.
deep, superficial
The gray matter of the spinal cord is dominated by the ______ and ______ of neurons.
dendrites, cell bodies
The phrenic nerve travels through the thoracic cavity to innervate the ______.
diaphragm
In the brachial plexus the posterior cord contains portions of ______ nerves.
C5 - T1
A reflex arc always begins at a receptor in the ______, communicates with the ______, and ends at a peripheral effector, such as a muscle or gland cell.
PNS, CNS
Lateral horns are found in the ______ parts of the spinal cord only.
T1-L2