SCIE1111 Ch. 16

The chief source of chlorofluorocarbons in the environment is A. refrigerant gases. B. propellants in aerosol containers. C. expanders in foam products. D. All of these are correct.

A. All of these are correct.

What is the function of a catalytic converter? A. It reduces lead and other metals. B. It reduces particulate pollution. C. It reduces photochemical smog. D. All of these are correct.

A. It reduces lead and other metals.

A significant loss of Arctic sea ice was first reported in 2005 by A. NASA. B. NOAA. C. EPA. D. CDC.

A. NASA

Which of these is listed by EPA as a criteria air pollutant? A. carbon monoxide B. water C. chlorine D. hydrogen

A. carbon monoxide

Which of the following chemicals is implicated in both global warming and ozone depletion? A. chlorofluorocarbons B. sulfur dioxide C. nicotine D. radon

A. chlorofluorocarbons

Sulfur dioxide levels in the United States have _____ since 1970. A. decreased by 30% B. increased by 30% C. remained constant D. climbed to 157%

A. decreased by 30%

The number of smog days in the top ten most polluted cities has A. decreased to below 2 per year by 2000 B. increased to more than 22 per year by 2000 C. decreased to below 50 per year by 2000 D. increased to more than 10 per year by 2000

A. decreased to below 2 per year by 2000

Nitrous oxides enter the atmosphere from fossil fuels and ___________. A. fertilizers. B. refrigerator coolants. C. pesticides. D. ozone.

A. fertilizers

The amount of lead released into the atmosphere A. has declined since the introduction of lead free gasoline. B. has increased with the increase in automobiles. C. is greatest in rural areas. D. is directly related to the amount of acid rain

A. has declined since the introduction of lead free gasoline

Particulate matter is a dangerous pollutant because it A. irritates the lining of the respiratory tract. B. results in heart attacks. C. decreases asthma rates. D. replaces oxygen in the blood

A. irritates the lining of the respiratory tract

To decrease exposure to second hand smoke, the EPA recommended that A. people not smoke in their homes or near children B. people not smoke in restaurants or bars C. all cigarette sales should have a $4 tax added D. children should not be allowed to purchase cigarettes

A. people not smoke in their homes or near children

The Ozone Multilateral Fund A. provides financial assistance to businesses to become CFC free. B. opposes CFC regulations on businesses. C. is an international trade organization focused on the trade of CFC products. D. monitors the ozone layer for new holes.

A. provides financial assistance to businesses to become CFC free

The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for enforcing the Clean Air Act to A. reduce emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds. B. produce more regulations. C. increase worker help and safety. D. All of these are correct.

A. reduce emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds

The Clean Air Act A. set national ambient air quality standards for six pollutants B. set voluntary air quality standards for 187 pollutants C. provided tax incentives and grants for voluntary clean-up of air pollution D. provided funding to States to regulate air pollution

A. set national ambient air quality standards for six pollutants

One of the IPCC reports provided much of the technical information which led to A. the Kyoto Protocol. B. the Third World Report. C. U.N. Framework Convention. D. None of these are correct.

A. the Kyoto Protocol

One group of compounds produced by humans that are minor components of greenhouse gas are collectively called A. CBCs. B. CFCs C. PVCs D. DVDs

B. CFCs

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous? A. It results in an increase in the ozone hole in the stratosphere. B. It binds with hemoglobin, reducing the blood's oxygen carry-capacity. C. It combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. D. It is carcinogenic.

B. It binds with hemoglobin, reducing the blood's oxygen carry-capacity.

Ground level ozone is A. a significant source of air pollution and contributes to the increase in the ozone hole. B. a significant source of air pollution and contributes to the formation of smog. C. not regulated. D. found only in rural areas

B. a significant source of air pollution and contributes to the formation of smog

What is the name given to the accumulation of acid-forming particles on a surface? A. surface retention B. acid deposition C. particulate pollution D. secondary pollution

B. acid deposition

Lead levels fell by 94% in North America between 1982 and 2002 due to the A. elimination of lead paint. B. elimination of leaded gasoline. C. mandatory testing of all children at 9 months of age. D. introduction of calcium-enriched milk.

B. elimination of leaded gasoline

Photochemical smog forms when _________ and ________ are trapped by a thermal inversion and form ozone. A. hydrocarbons; lead B. hydrocarbons; oxides of nitrogen C. carbon monoxide; sulfur dioxide D. carbon dioxide; lead

B. hydrocarbons; oxides of nitrogen

The greatest percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is composed of A. oxygen. B. nitrogen. C. carbon dioxide. D. methane. E. argon

B. nitrogen

Gas caps with air pollution control valves A. reduce lead in the atmosphere. B. reduce hydrocarbon loss. C. reduce particulate pollution. D. reduce "brown cloud" effects

B. reduce hydrocarbon loss

The main activity of the U.N. initiated Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is A. to provide regular inspections of air quality. B. to provide regular intervals of assessments of climate change knowledge. C. to provide financial support to third world countries. D. None of these are correct.

B. to provide regular intervals of assessments of climate change knowledge

What is the source of radon? A. recombination of oxygen atoms in the atmosphere B. uranium 238 C. oxides of nitrogen D. None of these are correct

B. uranium 238

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion reached by the IPCC regarding global warming? A. The average temperature of the Earth is warming. B. Human activity increases the amounts of greenhouse gases. C. There is a direct correlation between temperature increase and the amount of greenhouse gases. D. Fossil fuel combustion is directly responsible for the Earth's temperature increase.

C. There is a direct correlation between temperature increase and the amount of greenhouse gases.

Even with the use of catalytic converters, nitrogen dioxide levels have not decreased significantly in the United States because of A. an increase in industrial processing of metals and textiles. B. an increase in urban sprawl. C. an increased number of cars and miles driven. D. a decrease in environmental regulation.

C. an increased number of cars and miles driven

Releasing pollutants into the air does not get rid of them but only A. gets them out of site. B. keeps them out of surface waters. C. dilutes and disperses them. D. changes their chemical and physical structure

C. dilutes and disperses them

Scrubbers, precipitators, and filters A. reduce secondary air pollution. B. reduce ozone. C. reduce particulate pollution. D. reduce carbon monoxide pollution.

C. reduce particulate pollution

The Kyoto Protocol was an international agreement to A. set limits on six criteria air pollutants B. regulate CFC production C. set limits on carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases D. regulate the impact of el Nino

C. set limits on carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases

The role of ozone in the atmosphere is to A. create harmful air pollution which contributes to smog B. increase the distribution of acid rain over the oceans C. shield the Earth from radiation and from ultraviolet light D. decrease the impact of el Nino

C. shield the Earth from radiation from ultraviolet light

The most common source of carbon monoxide is from A. industry. B. burning leaves. C. vehicles. D. swamps.

C. vehicles

Deaths from air pollutants occur primarily among A. the elderly. B. the very young. C. asthma sufferers. D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct

Which of the following is an adverse health effect from air pollution? A. bronchial inflammation B. allergic reactions C. eye irritation D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

The decline in arctic sea ice may be contributed to A. climate change. B. naturally occurring climate variability. C. warmer water. D. Both climate change and naturally occurring climate variability could be true.

D. Both climate change and naturally occurring climate change variability could be true.

Who ultimately pays for the changes mandated by the 1990 Clean Air Act? A. utility companies B. oil companies C. the federal government D. consumers

D. consumers

The major causes of water pollution in Louisiana are nutrients, sediment, and microorganisms. Which stakeholder group will be most affected by needed changes to make rivers fishable and swimmable? A. government officials B. city dwellers C. rural shopkeepers D. farmers

D. farmers

In general, air quality in the United States over the past 30 years has A. declined except for nitrogen dioxide emissions B. declined except for lead emissions C. improved except for lead emissions D. improved except for nitrogen dioxide emissions

D. improved except for nitrogen dioxide emissions

Industrial dust and ash are considered A. primary air pollutants. B. secondary air pollutants. C. photochemical smog. D. particulates.

D. particulates

The principal framework for national, state, tribal, and local efforts to protect air quality in the U.S. is found in A. the constitution. B. the congressional mandate. C. the EPA preamble. D. the Clean Air Act.

D. the Clean Air Act

One of the ways in which Mexico City has improved air quality was to A. switch from burning coal to hydroelectric power plants to generate electricity. B. switch from oil to nuclear power plants to generate electricity. C. to eliminate all taxis from operating within the city. D.to eliminate lead from gasoline, require catalytic converters on all automobiles, and to improve public transportation.

D. to eliminate lead from gasoline, require catalytic converters on all automobiles, and to improve public transportation

A common source of volatile organic compounds is A. swamps. B. cows. C. burning leaves. D. vehicles.

D. vehicles

Which of the following is not included in the energy policy initiatives of Germany to help reduce carbon dioxide emissions? A. a tax on motor freight per distance traveled B. a tax on the use of energy sources such as coal, coke, and lignite C. low interest loans for the installation of solar energy technology D.setting the Renewable Energy Resources Act goal to provide 20% of electricity from renewable resources E. All of the above are correct.

E. All of the above are correct

Acid rain is caused by the emission of chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere.

FALSE

Air pollution is an aesthetic problem with no documented cases of death directly related to poor air quality

FALSE

Lead and nitrogen compounds are believed to contribute to the destruction of ozone in the upper atmosphere.

FALSE

Motor vehicle emissions are not a major source of air pollution.

FALSE

NASA has determined that Arctic sea ice is not melting any faster than today than in previous decades.

FALSE

Newer, energy efficient homes have cleaner air quality than older, less efficient homes.

FALSE

Nitrogen dioxide is not included as one of the EPA Criteria Pollutants.

FALSE

One way to reduce the effects of acid rain is to remove lead from fuels.

FALSE

Photochemical smog is considered a primary pollutant.

FALSE

Recently, Russia and the U.S. ratified the Kyoto Protocol

FALSE

Since the prevailing wind patterns in the U.S. are from east to west, the best place to avoid air pollution is on the extreme East Coast.

FALSE

The EPA has specifically identified and classified 188 substances that are hazardous air pollutants.

FALSE

The stratosphere is a wind current that blows from west to east.

FALSE

The use of catalytic converters can reduce acid rain production.

FALSE

A large source of carbon monoxide is smoking tobacco.

TRUE

Air can generally not accept and or disperse significant amounts of pollutants

TRUE

As a waterbody becomes more acidic, many aquatic species fail to reproduce.

TRUE

As part of New York University's Green Action Plan it will build an underground co-generation plant that can use the heat generated from an electric power plant to heat campus buildings.

TRUE

Atmospheric ozone shields the Earth from the harmful effects of ultraviolet light radiation

TRUE

Carbon dioxide is put into the atmosphere as a waste product of fossil fuel combustion

TRUE

Carbon monoxide is produced when organic materials are incompletely burned.

TRUE

Categories of air pollution include carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and lead

TRUE

It is believed that human activities can alter the atmosphere in such a way that they can change climate.

TRUE

Loss of calcium ions from soil may be a major problem associated with acid rain.

TRUE

Melting of arctic sea ice might influence survival of polar bear populations.

TRUE

Most of the phosphorus entering Lake Champlain comes from nonpoint sources.

TRUE

Ozone is formed when photochemical smog reacts with sunlight.

TRUE

Ozone, when found close to the surface of the Earth, is a pollutant.

TRUE

Radon gas may cause lung cancer if exposure is prolonged at high concentrations.

TRUE

Satellites have made continual observations of Arctic sea ice since 1978.

TRUE

Scientists have agreed that human activity is causing the climate to get warmer.

TRUE

There are many positive actions that have improved air quality.

TRUE

There are six major sources of EPA Criteria Pollutants.

TRUE

Unwanted sound or noise is considered to be a type of pollution.

TRUE