Science 10 Biology Alberta

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

ground tissue

-tissue found between the vascular and dermal tissue

Photosynthesis equation

6CO2 + 6H2O --> light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Eukaryote

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Phagocytosis

A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells

Pinocytosis

A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes.

Prokaryote

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Cuticle

A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants.

roots

Absorbs water and minerals from the ground. Anchors plant in ground.

area of elongation

An area of cells in the developing plant, facing away from the light source, that each elongate in a phototropic response to the light stimulus; the substance that initiates the phototropic response is auxin

Adhesion

An attraction between molecules of different substances

Cohesion

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

cellular respiration equation

C6H12O6+6O2---> 6CO2+6H2O+ATP

Centrioles

Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only

Phototropism

Growth of a plant shoot toward or away from light.

Phloem

Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant

Ground tissue role:

Makes up most of the plant, provides structure and storage for plant

Xylem

Non-living vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant

Chemosynthesis

Process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates

fluid mosaic model

The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.

leaves

The main photosynthetic organs of vascular plants, where gas exchange takes place

turgor pressure

The pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall

Plasmolysis

This happens when a cell shrinks inside its cell wall while the cell wall remains intact.

dermal tissue role:

Where gas exchange takes place, protects the plant

Auxin

a plant hormone that promotes root formation and bud growth

Cell Theory

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

spongey mesophyll

layer of loose tissue found beneath the palisade mesophyll in a leaf that allows gas to diffuse through

Homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Differentiation

process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

Nucleolis

produces ribosomes

Gravitropism

response of a plant to the force of gravity

Organelle

specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell

stem

supporting structure that connects roots and leaves and carries water and nutrients between them

Cytolysis

the bursting of a cell

cork

the outer layer of bark

Epidermus

the outer layer of cells covering an organism, in particular.

palisades mesophyll

tightly packed cells containing chloroplasts

dermal tissue

tissue of the plant that makes up the waxy outer layer of the plant

Vascular Tissues in Plants

xylem and phloem