Science 1105 Self Test

Joshua 1:16

And they answered Joshua, saying, All that thou commandest us we will do, and whithersoever thou sendest us, we will go.

1 Peter 3:14

But and if ye suffer for righteousness' sake, happy are ye: and be not afraid of their terror, neither be troubled.

_____________ neurons carry motor command impulses away from the central nervous system, and ___________ neurons carry sensory impulses toward the central nervous system.

Efferent, afferent

__________ nerves transmit sensory impulses for taste to the gustatory cortex in the frontal loves of the cerebrum.

Gustatory

tiny sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs; where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

alveoli

proteins that attack substances that might cause disease or harm to the body

antibodies

any substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies

antigen

The largest systematic artery is the ____________.

aorta

During pulmonary circulation, deoxygenated blood flows from the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary __________.

arteries

The upper two chambers of the heart are the left and right _________ and the lower two chambers are the left and right __________.

atria, ventricles

The auditory cortex in the temporal lobes of the cerebrum interprets sensory impulses from the ___________ nerves as sounds.

auditory

extension of a neuron; carries nerve impulses away from the soma, or body of the neuron

axon

division of the brain; joins the brain to the spinal cord

brain stem

type of respiration; uses oxygen to break the chemical bonds in a glucose molecule and release energy

cellular

major part of the nervous system; brain and spinal cord

central

division of the brain; responsible for coordination, balance, posture, and muscle tone

cerebellum

largest division of the brain; controls motor and sensory functions; where most cognitive functions take place

cerebrum

The ___________ system provides oxygen and nutrients to the whole body.

circulatory

bridge between the right and left cerebral hemispheres

corpus callosum

extension of a neuron; carries nerve impulses toward the soma

dendrite

The nerves of the ___________ nervous system regulate chemical digestive actions and control mechanical actions.

enteric

The sympathetic nervous system is the part of automatic nervous system that is activated by strong emotions and is often called the __________-or-flight system.

fight

principal organs of mechanical respiration

lungs

part of the brain stem; controls reflex actions, heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and blood flow

medulla oblongata

functions of the nervous system; involve vocabulary movement of the skeletal muscles

motor

soft, white, fatty substance; covers and insulates most axons

myelin

The walls that form the four chambers of the heart are composed of a thick, muscular tissue called __________.

myocardium

cells; form myelin sheaths around axons; form a structural framework to support neurons

neuroglial

The ___________ nervous system is the part of automatic nervous system that sends impulses to cause the organs to return to normal operation.

parasympathetic

The ____________ is a sac of dense connective tissue that surrounds and protects the heart from shock, stress, and infections.

pericardium

major part of the nervous system; nerves and sensory organs

peripheral

liquid component of blood

plasma

smallest blood cells; make it possible for blood to clot

platelets

regular dilation and constriction of arteries due to changes in blood pressure

pulse

blood cells; color comes from iron in hemoglobin

red blood cells

A _____________ arc is the neural path of an impulse that jumps directly from an afferent neuron to an efferent neuron without going to the ___________.

reflex, brain

functions of the nervous system; deal with receiving, transmitting, and processing impulses from sensory organs

sensory

Sensory receptors located in the _________ receive stimuli fro pressure, temperature, pain, and touch.

skin

From the olfactory nerves, sensory impulses are sent to the olfactory bulb and then to the olfactory cortex in the temporal lobes, where they are interpreted as ______________.

smells

division of the peripheral nervous system; contains motor and sensory pathways; includes cranial and spinal nerves

somatic

bundle of nerves; begins at the medulla oblongata and terminates in the lumbar region of the vertebral column

spinal cord

largest lymphatic organ; filters blood

spleen

returns blood from the upper body to the right atrium of the heart

superior vena cava

The network of arteries, veins, and capillaries that circulate blood throughout the body makes up the ___________ system.

vascular

conduct blood away from systematic capillaries; form veins

venules

The ____________ cortex in the occipital lobes of the cerebrum interprets sensory impulses from the optic nerves as images.

visual

blood cells; go where needed to fight pathogens

white blood cells