science 4

The nurse is preparing to provide tracheostomy care to an infant. After gathering the necessary equipment, which of the following would the nurse do next? A) Position the infant supine with a towel roll under the neck B) Cut the new tracheostomy ties to the appropriate length C) Cut the tracheostomy ties from around the tracheostomy tube D) Cleanse around the site of the tracheostomy with the prescribed solution

A) Position the infant supine with a towel roll under the neck

The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a toddler with suspected lead poisoning. Lab results indicate blood lead level 52 m g/dL. Which action would the nurse expect to happen next? A) Repeat testing within 2 days and prepare to begin chelation therapy as ordered B) Repeat testing within 1 week with education to decrease lead exposure C) Confirm with repeat testing in 1 month and referral to local health department D) Prepare to admit child to begin chelation therapy

A) Repeat testing within 2 days and prepare to begin chelation therapy as ordered

When providing care to a child with aplastic anemia, which nursing diagnosis most likely would be the priority? A) Risk for injury B) Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements C) Ineffective tissue perfusion D) Impaired gas exchange

A) Risk for injury

A child requires supplemental oxygen therapy at 8 liters per minute. Which delivery device would the nurse most likely expect to be used? A) Simple mask B) Venturi mask C) Nasal cannula D) Oxygen hood

A) Simple mask

The mother of a 5-year-old girl brings the child to the clinic for an evaluation. The mother tells the nurse, "She seems to be so tired and irritable lately. And she looks so pale." Further assessment reveals pale conjunctiva and oral mucous membranes. The nurse suspects iron-deficiency anemia. Which additional finding would help provide additional evidence for this suspicion? A) Spooned nails B) Negative splenomegaly C) Oxygen saturation: 99% D) Bradycardia

A) Spooned nails

The nurse is caring for a 3-year-old girl with a respiratory disorder. The nurse anticipates the need for providing supplemental oxygen to the child when performing which of the following? A) Suctioning a tracheostomy tube B) Administering drugs with a nebulizer C) Providing tracheostomy care D) Suctioning with a bulb syringe

A) Suctioning a tracheostomy tube

A 15-year-old boy comes to the emergency department accompanied by his parents. The boy reports an abrupt onset of sudden pain on the right side of his scrotum. When asked to rate his pain on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the most severe, the boy states, "It's a 12." Further assessment reveals a blue-black swelling on the affected side. The nurse suspects testicular torsion and immediately notifies the physician based on the understanding of which of the following? A) The condition is a surgical emergency. B) The boy is at risk for sepsis C) Intravenous antibiotics need to be initiated. D) Renal failure is imminent.

A) The condition is a surgical emergency.

The nurse is teaching the parents of a child diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia about ways to increase their child's intake of iron. The parents demonstrate understanding of the teaching when they identify which foods as good choices for the child? Select all that apply. A) Tuna B) Salmon C) Tofu D) Cow's milk E) Dried fruits

A) Tuna B) Salmon C) Tofu E) Dried fruits

A child returns from surgery in which a stoma was created in the abdominal wall to the bladder. The nurse identifies this as which of the following? A) Vesicostomy B) Ureteral stent C) Continent urinary diversion D) Bladder augmentation

A) Vesicostomy

The nurse is assessing a 7-year-old boy with pharyngitis. The nurse would least likely expect to assess which of the following? A) Working hard to breathe B) Difficulty swallowing C) Rash on the abdomen D) Sore throat and headache

A) Working hard to breathe

A group of students are reviewing information about glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify this disorder as due to which of the following? A) X-linked recessive inheritance B) Deficiency in clotting factors C) An excess supply of iron D) Autosomal recessive inheritance

A) X-linked recessive inheritance

While presenting a panel discussion to a group of parents about urinary tract infections in children, one of the parents asks the nurse, "Why would my daughter be more at risk than my son?" Which response by the nurse would be most accurate? A) "Girls have a smaller bladder size than boys do." B) "A girl's urethra is closer to the rectal opening." C) "A girl's urethra is longer than a boy's urethra." D) "Her kidneys are less well protected."

B) "A girl's urethra is closer to the rectal opening."

A nurse is leading a discussion with a group of new mothers about newborn nutrition and its importance for growth and development. One of the mothers asks, "Doesn't the baby get iron from me before birth?" Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? A) "You give the baby some iron, but it is not enough to sustain him after birth." B) "Because the baby grows rapidly during the first months, he uses up what you gave him." C) "The iron you give him before birth is different from what he needs once he is born." D) "If the baby didn't use up what you gave him before birth, he excretes it soon after birth."

B) "Because the baby grows rapidly during the first months, he uses up what you gave him."

The nurse is taking a health history of a child with suspected acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Which of the following responses would alert the nurse to a confirmed risk factor for this condition? A) "She has been very healthy up to now." B) "He just got over a head cold with laryngitis." C) "My child is just 18 months old." D) "My child has not been sick at all."

B) "He just got over a head cold with laryngitis."

The parents of a 10-year-old girl with a refractive error ask the nurse about the possibility of laser surgery to correct the vision. Which statement by the nurse would be most appropriate? A) "As she gets older, her vision will begin to correct itself." B) "Laser surgery typically is not done until she's 18 years old." C) "She looks so cute in her glasses; why put her through surgery?" D) "She can use contact lenses soon, so surgery isn't necessary."

B) "Laser surgery typically is not done until she's 18 years old."

After teaching a group of new parents about their newborns' eyes and vision, which statement by the group indicates effective teaching? A) "Our newborn can see at distances of about 1 to 2 feet." B) "We won't know the baby's eye color until he's at least 6 months old." C) "A baby can easily distinguish colors, but they must be bright colors." D) "A newborn can focus with both eyes at the same time shortly after birth."

B) "We won't know the baby's eye color until he's at least 6 months old."

The nurse is preparing an 8-year-old girl for a cystoscopy. Which instruction would be most appropriate to give to the child? A) "You need to make sure that you don't go to the bathroom before the test." B) "You might feel some burning when you go to the bathroom afterward." C) "I'm going to have to put a tube into your bladder to empty it." D) "I have to put a thick tight rubber band around your arm to get a blood specimen."

B) "You might feel some burning when you go to the bathroom afterward."

The nurse is assessing a child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Which of the following would the nurse expect to assess? Select all answers that apply. A) Irritability B) Abdominal pain C) Hypertension D) Crackles E) Polyphagia

B) Abdominal pain C) Hypertension D) Crackles

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the variations in respiratory anatomy and physiology in children in comparison to adults. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following? A) Children's demand for oxygen is lower than that of adults. B) Children develop hypoxemia more rapidly than adults do. C) An increase in oxygen saturation leads to a much larger decrease in pO2. D) Children's bronchi are wider in diameter than those of an adult.

B) Children develop hypoxemia more rapidly than adults do.

A nursing instructor is preparing a class on chronic lung disease. Which of the following would the instructor include when describing this disorder? A) It is a result of cystic fibrosis. B) It is seen most commonly in premature infants. C) It typically affects females more often than males. D) It is characterized by bradypnea.

B) It is seen most commonly in premature infants.

A child with iron-deficiency anemia is prescribed ferrous fumarate, 3 mg/kg/day in two divided doses. The nurse interprets this order as indicating which of the following? A) The child requires a prophylactic dose of iron. B) The child has mild to moderate iron deficiency. C) The child has severe iron deficiency. D) The child is being prepared for packed red blood cell administration.

B) The child has mild to moderate iron deficiency.

The nurse is caring for a newborn and knows that his vision, unlike his hearing, is not fully developed. Which aspect of the child's vision would the nurse expect to be similar to his father's vision? A) Adequate color detection B) Visual acuity of 20/100 C) Nearsightedness D) Monocular vision

B) Visual acuity of 20/100

The nurse is assessing a 5-year-old girl who is anxious, has a high fever, speaks in a whisper, and sits up with her neck thrust forward. Based on these findings, which of the following would be least appropriate for the nurse to perform? A) Providing 100% oxygen B) Visualizing the throat C) Having the child sit forward D) Auscultating for lung sounds

B) Visualizing the throat

Which of the following would the nurse include when teaching parents how to prevent otitis externa? A) Daily ear cleaning with cotton swabs B) Wearing ear plugs when swimming C) Using a hair dryer on high to dry the ear canals D) Using hydrogen peroxide to dry the canal skin

B) Wearing ear plugs when swimming

A child with persistent otitis media with effusion is to undergo insertion of pressure- equalizing tubes via a myringotomy. The child is to be discharged later that day. After teaching the parents about caring for their child after discharge, which statement indicates that the teaching was successful? A) "The tubes will stay in place for about a month and then fall out on their own." B) "His chances for ear infections now have dramatically decreased." C) "He should wear earplugs when swimming in a pool or a lake." D) "We should keep the ears protected with cotton balls for the first 24 hours."

C) "He should wear earplugs when swimming in a pool or a lake."

A nurse is interviewing the parents of a child diagnosed with obstructive uropathy. Which statement by the parents would the nurse identify as significant? A) "She's been constipated quite a few times." B) "We've noticed that her bed is wet in the morning." C) "She had surgery to repair a problem with her anus." D) "She had a bacterial skin infection about a week ago."

C) "She had surgery to repair a problem with her anus."

A nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of impaired urinary elimination related to urinary tract infection. When developing the plan of care, which of the following would be most important for the nurse to do first? A) Develop a schedule for bladder emptying B) Encourage fluid intake C) Assess usual voiding patterns D) Monitor intake and output

C) Assess usual voiding patterns

A nurse is preparing a teaching program for a parenting group about preventing foreign body aspiration. Which of the following would the nurse include? A) Avoid giving popcorn to children younger than the age of 2 years. B) Withhold peanuts from children until they are at least 5 years of age. C) If an object fits through a standard toilet paper roll, the child can aspirate it. D) Keep pennies and dimes out of the child's reach; quarters do not pose a problem.

C) If an object fits through a standard toilet paper roll, the child can aspirate it.

A nurse is teaching the parents of a child diagnosed with cystic fibrosis about medication therapy. Which of the following would the nurse instruct the parents to administer orally? A) Recombinant human DNase B) Bronchodilators C) Anti-inflammatory agents D) Pancreatic enzymes

D) Pancreatic enzymes

The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old boy with infectious conjunctivitis. Which intervention would be least appropriate to include in the child's plan of care? A) Rinsing the eye with cool water B) Educating the family about the disease C) Encouraging frequent hand washing D) Promoting eye safety

D) Promoting eye safety

The nurse is examining a 5-year-old boy. Which of the following signs or symptoms is a reliable first indication of respiratory illness in children? A) Slow, irregular breathing B) A bluish tinge to the lips C) Increasing lethargy D) Rapid, shallow breathing

D) Rapid, shallow breathing

The nurse is providing postsurgical care for an infant who has undergone a hypospadias repair. Which action by the nurse would be most important to help keep the area clean while maintaining proper position of the drainage tubing? A) Keeping the drainage tube taped in an upright position B) Administering antibiotics as ordered C) Administering analgesics as prescribed D) Using a double-diapering technique

D) Using a double-diapering technique

The nurse is instructing a 7-year-old child and his parents about using his prescribed corrective lenses. Which of the following would the nurse include in these instructions? A) "Make sure to take your glasses off from time to time to allow your eyes to rest." B) "Remove your glasses with both hands and lay them with the lens upright on the surface." C) "Clean the glasses every day with a mild soap and water or commercial cleaning agent." D) "Use paper towels or tissues to dry and periodically clean the lenses.

C) "Clean the glasses every day with a mild soap and water or commercial cleaning agent."

The parents of a 5-year-old bring their son to the emergency department because of significant eyelid edema. The mother states, "He scratched himself near his eye a couple of days ago while playing outside in the yard." The nurse suspects periorbital cellulitis based on which of the following? A) Evidence of discharge B) Reddened conjunctiva C) Purplish discoloration of eyelid D) Altered visual acuity

C) Purplish discoloration of eyelid

After teaching a group of students about visual disorders, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as the most common cause of visual difficulties in children? A) Astigmatism B) Strabismus C) Refractive errors D) Nystagmus

C) Refractive errors

A 6-year-old child has undergone a renal transplant and is receiving cyclosporine. The nurse instructs the parents to be especially alert for which of the following? A) Weight loss B) Hypotension C) Signs of infection D) Hair loss

C) Signs of infection

The nurse is caring for a child recently diagnosed with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. The nurse is teaching the parents about triggers that may result in oxidative stress. Which of the following responses indicates a need for further teaching? A) "I doubt he will ever eat fava beans, but they could trigger hemolysis." B) "He must avoid exposure to naphthalene, an agent found in mothballs." C) "He must never take methylene blue for a urinary tract infection." D) "My son can never take penicillin for an infection."

D) "My son can never take penicillin for an infection."

The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old boy with hemophilia. His parents are upset by the possibility that he will become infected with hepatitis or HIV from the clotting factor replacement therapy. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? A) "Parents commonly fear the worst; however, the factor will help your child lead a normal life." B) "There are risks with any treatment including using blood products, but these are very minor." C) "Although factor replacement is expensive, there's more financial strain from missing work if he has a bleeding episode." D) "Since dry heat treatment of the factor began in 1986, there have been no reports of virus transmission."

D) "Since dry heat treatment of the factor began in 1986, there have been no reports of virus transmission."

The nurse is providing care to several children who have been brought to the clinic by the parents for complaints of cold-like symptoms. The nurse would most likely suspect sinusitis in which child? A) A 2-year-old with thin watery nasal discharge B) A 3-year-old with sneezing and coughing C) A 5-year-old with nasal congestion and sore throat D) A 7-year-old with halitosis and thick, yellow nasal discharge

D) A 7-year-old with halitosis and thick, yellow nasal discharge

A group of nursing students are reviewing the medications used to treat asthma. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which agent as appropriate for an acute episode of bronchospasm? A) Salmeterol B) Albuterol C) Ipratropium D) Cromolyn

B) Albuterol

After teaching the parents of a child with a hydrocele about this condition, which statement indicates that the teaching was successful? A) "If this gets worse and we don't treat it, our son could become infertile." B) "This condition should gradually go away on its own." C) "The surgeon is going to operate on him immediately." D) "It's going to be difficult putting ice packs on his scrotum."

B) "This condition should gradually go away on its own."

The nurse is caring for an infant with bladder exstrophy. As part of the infant's preoperative plan of care, the nurse monitors for abdominal skin excoriation. Which action would be most appropriate for promoting healing and preventing further skin breakdown? A) Cleaning the area well with a scented diaper wipe B) Applying a barrier/healing cream or paste on skin C) Keeping the bladder moist and covered with a sterile bag D) Covering the area with sterile gauze pads after tub baths

B) Applying a barrier/healing cream or paste on skin

A child with suspected sickle cell disease is scheduled for a hemoglobin electrophoresis. When reviewing the child's history, which of the following would the nurse identify as potentially interfering with the accuracy of the results? A) Use of iron supplementation B) Blood transfusion 1 month ago C) Lack of fasting for 12 hours D) History of recent infection

B) Blood transfusion 1 month ago

The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for the parents of a child with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following would the nurse encourage the parents to avoid? A) Liberal fluid intake B) Caffeine C) Cranberry juice D) Cotton underwear

B) Caffeine

A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for the family of a child with allergic rhinitis. When describing the immune reaction that occurs, the nurse would identify the role of which immunoglobulin? A) IgA B) IgE C) IgG D) IgM

B) IgE

The nurse is caring for a 3-month-old with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Which intervention would be most appropriate for the nurse to implement? A) Being careful to prevent spread of infection B) Teaching the parents how to gently massage the duct C) Applying hot, moist compresses to the affected eye D) Referring the child to an ophthalmologist

B) Teaching the parents how to gently massage the duct

A nurse is caring for a 7-year-old girl scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which of the following would be the priority before the test? A) Checking with the parents for any allergies B) Ensuring adequate hydration C) Giving the girl an enema D) Screening her for pregnancy

A) Checking with the parents for any allergies

An infant is diagnosed with a congenital cataract. Which of the following would the nurse expect to assess? A) Absent red reflex B) Rapid irregular eye movement C) Misalignment of the eyes D) Enlarged eye appearance

A) Absent red reflex

An infant is diagnosed with infantile glaucoma. When developing the plan of care for the infant, the nurse would expect to prepare the infant and family for which of the following? A) Goniotomy B) Antibiotic therapy C) Contact lenses D) Patching of affected eye

A) Goniotomy

A child is diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis and is prescribed topical antibiotic therapy. The child's mother asks when he can return to school. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? A) "You need to wait until you finish the entire prescription of antibiotic." B) "Once the drainage is gone, he can go back to school." C) "You can send him to school this afternoon after his first dose of antibiotic." D) "He needs to be symptom-free for at least 72 hours."

B) "Once the drainage is gone, he can go back to school."

A mother brings her child to the health care clinic because she thinks that the child has conjunctivitis. Which assessment finding would lead the nurse to suspect bacterial conjunctivitis? Select all answers that apply. A) Itching of the eyes B) Inflamed conjunctiva C) Stringy discharge D) Photophobia E) Mild pain F) Tearing

B) Inflamed conjunctiva E) Mild pain

A group of students are reviewing information about the anatomic differences in the eyes and ears of a child in comparison to an adult. The students demonstrate a need for additional study when they identify which of the following? A) Hearing is completely developed at the time of birth. B) Visual acuity develops from birth throughout childhood. C) Binocular vision is usually achieved by 2 months of age. D) The ability to discriminate colors is completed by birth.

D) The ability to discriminate colors is completed by birth.

The nurse is caring for a 12-year-old girl with nephrotic syndrome. The girl confides that she feels like a "freak" compared to her peers because of her weight, edema, and moon face. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? A) "Let's put you in touch with some other girls who are also having the same body changes." B) "Luckily, this is just a temporary, unfortunate part of your condition; you need to accept it." C) "Your real friends do not care about your appearance and just want you to get well." D) "You are beautiful in your own way; what matters is what is on the inside."

A) "Let's put you in touch with some other girls who are also having the same body changes."

The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old girl with vulvovaginitis. After explaining to the girl's mother how to help prevent subsequent episodes, which statement by the mother indicates a need for additional teaching? A) "She needs to wipe from front to back." B) "I will make sure she changes her underwear every day." C) "She should probably avoid bubble baths." D) "I will help supervise her wiping after bowel movements."

A) "She needs to wipe from front to back."

The mother of a school-age child brings the child to the clinic for evaluation because he is having difficulty reading. His last visual screening was normal. He also complains of headaches and dizziness. Which of the following would the nurse suspect? A) Astigmatism B) Myopia C) Hyperopia D) Nystagmus

A) Astigmatism

The nurse is caring for a 10-year-old with allergic conjunctivitis. The nurse would be alert to the child's increased risk for which of the following? A) Atopic dermatitis B) Insect bite sensitivity C) Acute otitis media D) Frequent sore throats

A) Atopic dermatitis

The nurse is visually inspecting a urine specimen from a 12-year-old boy. The nurse documents gross hematuria with a specimen of which color? A) Cloudy yellow B) Cola colored C) Pale to almost clear urine D) Light orange to moderately yellow colored

B) Cola colored

A child is diagnosed with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Review of the child's laboratory test results would reveal which of the following? A) Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine B) Decreased platelets and leukocytosis C) Hypernatremia and hypokalemia D) Respiratory acidosis and proteinuria

B) Decreased platelets and leukocytosis

A nurse is conducting a physical examination of an infant and observes the urethral opening on the dorsal side of the penis. The nurse documents this finding as which of the following? A) Hypospadias B) Epispadias C) Varicocele D) Hydrocele

B) Epispadias

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local parent group about urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. Which of the following would the nurse incorporate into the presentation as the most common cause? A) Klebsiella B) Escherichia coli C) Staphylococcus aureus D) Pseudomonas

B) Escherichia coli

The nurse is assessing a child with suspected thalassemia. Which of the following would the nurse expect to assess? A) Dactylitis B) Frontal bossing C) Presence of clubbing D) Presence of spooning

B) Frontal bossing

The nurse is examining a 3-year-old boy with acute otitis media who has a mild earache and a temperature of 38.5o C. Which of the following actions will be taken? A) Obtain a culture of the middle ear fluid. B) Instruct the parents to watch for worsening symptoms. C) Administer antibiotics. D) Administer antivirals.

B) Instruct the parents to watch for worsening symptoms.

A nurse is providing care to a child with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with a platelet count of 18,000/mm3 . Which medication would the nurse most likely expect to be ordered? A) Folic acid B) Intravenous immune globulin C) Dimercaprol D) Deferoxamine

B) Intravenous immune globulin

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a child with hearing loss and notes that the child's hearing loss is in the range 40 to 60 decibels (dB). The nurse interprets this as indicating which of the following? A) Mild loss B) Moderate loss C) Severe loss D) Profound loss

B) Moderate loss

The nurse is preparing to perform a physical examination of a child with asthma. Which of the following techniques would the nurse be least likely to perform? A) Inspection B) Palpation C) Percussion D) Auscultation

B) Palpation

A child is prescribed monthly injections of vitamin B12. When developing the teaching plan for the family, the nurse would focus on which type of anemia? A) Aplastic anemia B) Pernicious anemia C) Folic acid anemia D) Sickle cell anemia

B) Pernicious anemia

Assessment of a child leads the nurse to suspect viral conjunctivitis based on which of the following? A) Mild pain B) Photophobia C) Itching D) Watery discharge

B) Photophobia

The nurse is examining an 8-year-old boy with tachycardia and tachypnea. The nurse anticipates which of the following as most helpful in determining the extent of the child's hypoxia? A) Pulmonary function test B) Pulse oximetry C) Peak expiratory flow D) Chest radiograph

B) Pulse oximetry

The nurse is evaluating the laboratory test results of a 7-year-old child with a suspected hematologic disorder. Which finding would cause the nurse to be concerned? A) WBC: 5.6 × 103 /mm3 B) RBC: 2.8 × 106 /mm3 C) Hemoglobin: 11.4 mg/dL D) Hematocrit: 35%

B) RBC: 2.8 × 106 /mm3

The nurse is assessing a 5-year-old child's genitourinary system. Which of the following would the nurse document as a normal finding? Select all answers that apply. A) Labial fusion B) Round abdomen C) Positive bowel sounds D) Dullness over the spleen E) Undescended testicles

B) Round abdomen C) Positive bowel sounds D) Dullness over the spleen

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a child with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following would the nurse least likely expect to find? A) Hyperlipidemia B) Hypoalbuminemia C) Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) D) Hypoproteinemia

C) Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

When performing the physical examination of a child with c, which of the following would the nurse expect to assess? A) Dullness over the lung fields B) Increased diaphragmatic excursion C) Decreased tactile fremitus D) Hyperresonance over the liver

C) Decreased tactile fremitus

A rapid strep test has confirmed that a 5-year-old girl has a group A Streptococcus infection. When teaching the parents about measures to implement, which of the following would be the least immediate concern? A) Using a cool mist humidifier B) Encouraging the child to drink liquids C) Discarding the child's toothbrush D) Administering antibiotic therapy

C) Discarding the child's toothbrush

The nurse is reviewing the white blood cell differential of a 4-year-old girl. Which value would lead the nurse to be concerned? A) Bands: 8% B) Segs: 28% C) Eosinophils: 10% D) Basophils: 0%

C) Eosinophils: 10%

A nurse is administering 100% oxygen to a child with a pneumothorax based on the understanding that this treatment is used primarily for which reason? A) Improve gas exchange B) Bypass the obstruction C) Hasten air reabsorption D) Prevent hypoxemia

C) Hasten air reabsorption

The nurse hears wheezing when auscultating a 4-year-old. Which of the following conditions would the nurse most likely rule out based on the assessment findings? A) Bronchiolitis B) Asthma C) Influenza D) Cystic fibrosis

C) Influenza

A nurse is examining a 7-year-old boy with hordeolum. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find? A) Redness B) Scaling C) Pain D) Edema

C) Pain

The nurse is examining a 7-year-old boy with blepharitis. Which of the following would the nurse least likely expect to assess? A) Redness B) Scaling C) Pain D) Edema

C) Pain

The nurse is applying a urine bag to a 15-month-old boy to collect a urine specimen. Which of the following would the nurse do first? A) Apply benzoin to the scrotal area B) Tuck the bag downward inside the diaper C) Pat the perineal area dry after cleaning D) Apply the narrow portion of the bag on the perineal space

C) Pat the perineal area dry after cleaning

Bacterial pneumonia is suspected in a 4-year-old boy with fever, headache, and chest pain. Which assessment finding would most likely indicate the need for this child to be hospitalized? A) Fever B) Oxygen saturation level of 96% C) Tachypnea with retractions D) Pale skin color

C) Tachypnea with retractions

After teaching a group of parents about ear infections in children, which statement indicates that the teaching was successful? A) Infants with congenital deformities have an increased risk for ear infections. B) Ear infections typically increase as the child gets older. C) The shorter and wider eustachian tubes of an infant increase the risk. D) Adenoids shrink as the child grows, allowing more bacteria to enter.

C) The shorter and wider eustachian tubes of an infant increase the risk.

The nurse is teaching the parents of a child with a hematologic disorder about the functions of the various blood cells. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the parents state which blood cell as being primarily responsible for blood clotting? A) Granulocytes B) Erythrocytes C) Thrombocytes D) Leukocytes

C) Thrombocytes

The mother of a child with end-stage renal disease asks the nurse why her son is getting an injection of erythropoietin. When responding to the mother, the nurse incorporates understanding of which of the following as the rationale? A) To treat low calcium levels B) To stimulate growth in stature C) To stimulate red blood cell growth D) To correct acidosis

C) To stimulate red blood cell growth

A nurse develops a plan of care for a child that includes patching the eye. This plan of care would be most appropriate for which condition? A) Astigmatism B) Hyperopia C) Myopia D) Amblyopia

D) Amblyopia

A group of students are reviewing information about renal failure in children. The students demonstrate a need for additional teaching when they identify which agent as a potential contributor to renal failure? A) Vancomycin B) Gentamicin C) Co-trimoxazole D) Amoxicillin

D) Amoxicillin

The nurse is instructing the parents of a school-age child with an eye disorder how to care for her eye. Which of the following conditions would the nurse explain as resolving by itself without the use of antibiotics? A) Blepharitis B) Hordeolum C) Corneal abrasion D) Chalazion

D) Chalazion

An 8-year-old girl is scheduled for a renal ultrasound. Which of the following would the nurse include in the plan of care when preparing the child for this test? A) Withholding food and fluids after midnight B) Checking the child for allergies to shellfish C) Ensuring the child has a full bladder D) Informing the child she should feel no discomfort

D) Informing the child she should feel no discomfort

The nurse is caring for a child who has been admitted for a sickle cell crisis. Which of the following would the nurse do first to provide adequate pain management? A) Administer a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug as ordered. B) Use guided imagery and therapeutic touch. C) Administer meperidine as ordered. D) Initiate pain assessment with a standardized pain scale.

D) Initiate pain assessment with a standardized pain scale.

A nurse is examining a child who has sustained blunt trauma to the eye area. The nurse suspects a simple contusion based on which of the following? A) Pain in the eye B) Impaired visual acuity C) Blurred vision D) Intact extraocular movements

D) Intact extraocular movements

The nurse is assessing a child with aplastic anemia. Which of the following would the nurse expect to assess? Select all that apply. A) Ecchymoses B) Tachycardia C) Guaiac-positive stool D) Epistaxis E) Severe pain F) Warm tender joints

A) Ecchymoses B) Tachycardia C) Guaiac-positive stool D) Epistaxis

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a child with thalassemia. Which of the following would the nurse expect to include? Select all that apply. A) Packed RBC transfusions B) Deferoxamine therapy C) Heparin therapy D) Opioid analgesics E) Platelet transfusions F) Intravenous immunoglobulin

A) Packed RBC transfusions B) Deferoxamine therapy

The nurse is caring for a child with thalassemia who is receiving chelation therapy at home using a battery-operated pump. After teaching the parents about this treatment, which statement by the mother indicates a need for additional teaching? A) "I can have the nurse administer the chelation therapy if I am uncomfortable." B) "I must be very careful to strictly adhere to the chelation regimen." C) "The deferoxamine binds to the iron so it can be removed from the body." D) "The medication can be administered while my child is sleeping."

A) "I can have the nurse administer the chelation therapy if I am uncomfortable."

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a child who is admitted to the hospital for surgery. The child is visually impaired. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to include in the child's plan of care? Select all answers that apply. A) Explaining instructions using simple and specific terms the child understands B) Allowing the child to explore the postoperative equipment with his hands C) Touching the child on his shoulder before letting the child know someone is there D) Using the child's body parts to refer to the area where he may have postoperative pain E) Speaking to the child in a voice that is slightly louder than the usual tone of voice

A) Explaining instructions using simple and specific terms the child understands B) Allowing the child to explore the postoperative equipment with his hands D) Using the child's body parts to refer to the area where he may have

The nurse is caring for a child who is experiencing an acute renal transplant rejection and is to receive muromonab-CD3. Which of the following would the nurse most likely expect to assess after the first dose is administered? A) Fever with chills, chest tightness B) Cough, hyperkalemia C) Photosensitivity, gastrointestinal (GI) upset D) Urinary retention, decreased appetite

A) Fever with chills, chest tightness

When evaluating the hemogram of an 8-month-old infant, the nurse would identify which type of hemoglobin as being the predominant type? A) Hemoglobin A B) Hemoglobin F C) Hemoglobin A2 D) Hemoglobin S

A) Hemoglobin A

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a 5-year-old child with a severe hearing impairment focusing on psychosocial interventions based on assessment findings. Which behavior would the nurse have most likely assessed? A) Immature emotional behavior B) Self-stimulatory actions C) Inattention and vacant stare D) Head tilt or forward thrust

A) Immature emotional behavior

The nurse is educating the parents of a 7-year-old boy with asthma about the medications that have been prescribed. Which of the following drugs would the nurse identify as an adjunct to a b2-adrenergic agonist for treatment of bronchospasm? A) Ipratropium B) Montelukast C) Cromolyn D) Theophylline

A) Ipratropium

The nurse is caring for a 12-year-old boy with idiopathic thrombocytopenia. The nurse is providing discharge instructions about home care and safety recommendations to the boy and his parents. Which response indicates a need for further teaching? A) "We should avoid aspirin and drugs like ibuprofen." B) "He can resume participation in football in 2 weeks." C) "Swimming would be a great activity." D) "Our son cannot take any antihistamines."

B) "He can resume participation in football in 2 weeks."

The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old with a suspected urinary tract infection. Which of the following would be most appropriate when obtaining a urine specimen from the child? A) "I will need a urine sample." B) "Let your mom help you tinkle in this cup." C) "Please tinkle in this cup right now." D) "Please void in this cup instead of the toilet."

B) "Let your mom help you tinkle in this cup."

A parent asks the nurse about immunizing her 7-month-old daughter against the flu. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? A) "She really doesn't need the vaccine until she reaches 1 year of age." B) "She will probably receive it the next time she is to get her routine shots." C) "Since your daughter is older than 6 months, she should get the vaccine every year." D) "The vaccine has many side effects, so she wouldn't get it until she's ready to go to school."

C) "Since your daughter is older than 6 months, she should get the vaccine every year."

The nurse is caring for a 13-year-old girl with von Willebrand disease. After teaching the adolescent and her parents about this disorder and care, which response by the parents indicates a need for additional teaching? A) "We need to administer Stimate prior to dental work." B) "We should be aware that she may suffer from menorrhagia." C) "We should administer desmopressin as often as needed." D) "We understand that she may have frequent nosebleeds."

C) "We should administer desmopressin as often as needed."

A 5-year-old girl is diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia and is to receive iron supplements. The child has difficulty swallowing tablets, so a liquid formulation is prescribed. After teaching the parents about administering the iron supplement, which statement indicates the need for additional teaching? A) "She needs to eat foods that are high in fiber so she doesn't get constipated." B) "We'll try to get her to drink lots of fluids throughout the day." C) "We will place the liquid in the front of her gums, just below her teeth." D) "We need to measure the liquid carefully so that we give her the correct amount."

C) "We will place the liquid in the front of her gums, just below her teeth."

A nurse is conducting a physical examination of a 5-year-old with suspected iron- deficiency anemia. How would the nurse evaluate for changes in neurologic functioning? A) "Open your mouth so I can look inside your cheeks and lips." B) "Do you have any bruises on your feet or shins?" C) "Will you show me how you walk across the room?" D) "Let me see the palms of your hands and soles of your feet."

C) "Will you show me how you walk across the room?"

The nurse is taking a health history for a 9-year-old girl. Which finding would alert the nurse to a possible risk factor specifically associated with visual impairment? A) Being born at 39 weeks' gestation B) Having several hours of homework daily C) Being of African American heritage D) Being active in sports

C) Being of African American heritage

A child with a pneumothorax has a chest tube attached to a water seal system. When assessing the child, the nurse notices that the chest tube has become disconnected from the drainage system. Which of the following would the nurse do first? A) Notify the physician B) Apply an occlusive dressing C) Clamp the chest tube D) Perform a respiratory assessment

C) Clamp the chest tube

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a child diagnosed with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which of the following would the nurse interpret as indicative of this disorder? A) Shortened prothrombin time B) Increased fibrinogen level C) Positive fibrin split products D) Increased platelets

C) Positive fibrin split products

The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old visually impaired boy and is about to begin the physical examination. Which intervention would be most appropriate to promote effective communication with the child? A) Show him the stethoscope. B) Describe the examination room. C) Use his name before touching him. D) Allow him to explore the exam room.

C) Use his name before touching him.

A child is brought to the emergency department by his parents because he suddenly developed a barking cough. Further assessment leads the nurse to suspect that the child is experiencing croup. Which of the following would the nurse have most likely assessed? A) High fever B) Dysphagia C) Toxic appearance D) Inspiratory stridor

D) Inspiratory stridor