Science 5th Grade Chapter 12
frequency
measure the pitch of a sound (measured in hertz)
amplitude
measures the volume of a sound (measure in decibels)
solid (fastest), liquid, gas (slowest)
order in which sound waves travel through matter in order from fastest to slowest.
reflecting
surfaces that are hard, thin and smooth are best for _________________ sound waves? (Give an example.)
absorbing
surfaces that are soft, thick and uneven are best for ___________________ sound waves? (Give an example.)
convection
the flow of heat through a liquid or a gas, caused by hot parts rising and cooler parts sinking.
Steel because the particles that make it up are closest together.
Out of steel, water, air and cotton, what would sound travel fastest through? Why?
vacuum
A space where no particles of matter exist
medium
Material through which a wave travels
image
a "picture" of the light source that light rays make in bouncing off a polished, shiny surface. When light reflects off a shiny surface, an _______________ of the light source is seen.
spectrum
a band of colors when light goes through a prism. What is an example?
prism
a cut piece of clear glass (or plastic) with two opposite sides in the shape of a triangle or other geometric shape.
temperature
a measurement of the average energy of the particles in an object.
sound wave
a series of rarefactions and compressions traveling through a substance
photon
a tiny bundle of energy through which light travels. A particle of light.
Doppler Effect
change in a pitch due to wavelength compression and expansion. Example, a train's whistle sounds different when it is moving towards you and then when it is moving away from you.
heat capacities
different materials will change temperature at different rates
gas
does not have a fixed shape or fixed volume
solid
has a fixed volume and shape
liquid
has a fixed volume but takes the shape of the container it is in.
conduction
the passing of heat through a material while the material itself stays in place
substance
the physical matter of which living or nonliving things are composed
heat
the total amount of thermal energy an object releases.