Science 5th Grade Chapter 12

frequency

measure the pitch of a sound (measured in hertz)

amplitude

measures the volume of a sound (measure in decibels)

solid (fastest), liquid, gas (slowest)

order in which sound waves travel through matter in order from fastest to slowest.

reflecting

surfaces that are hard, thin and smooth are best for _________________ sound waves? (Give an example.)

absorbing

surfaces that are soft, thick and uneven are best for ___________________ sound waves? (Give an example.)

convection

the flow of heat through a liquid or a gas, caused by hot parts rising and cooler parts sinking.

Steel because the particles that make it up are closest together.

Out of steel, water, air and cotton, what would sound travel fastest through? Why?

vacuum

A space where no particles of matter exist

medium

Material through which a wave travels

image

a "picture" of the light source that light rays make in bouncing off a polished, shiny surface. When light reflects off a shiny surface, an _______________ of the light source is seen.

spectrum

a band of colors when light goes through a prism. What is an example?

prism

a cut piece of clear glass (or plastic) with two opposite sides in the shape of a triangle or other geometric shape.

temperature

a measurement of the average energy of the particles in an object.

sound wave

a series of rarefactions and compressions traveling through a substance

photon

a tiny bundle of energy through which light travels. A particle of light.

Doppler Effect

change in a pitch due to wavelength compression and expansion. Example, a train's whistle sounds different when it is moving towards you and then when it is moving away from you.

heat capacities

different materials will change temperature at different rates

gas

does not have a fixed shape or fixed volume

solid

has a fixed volume and shape

liquid

has a fixed volume but takes the shape of the container it is in.

conduction

the passing of heat through a material while the material itself stays in place

substance

the physical matter of which living or nonliving things are composed

heat

the total amount of thermal energy an object releases.