Science 6D Quiz

What do scientists call earthquake destructiveness?

the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale

Seismologists use other _____ that can also measure stronger and more distant earthquakes. Give an example of this scale.

magnitude scales; moment magnitude scale

For developing countries, what is usually the main factor that results in deaths during an earthquake? (Ignore secondary effects such as tsunamis and landslides)

building collapse, especially in not well developed countries

Where do the most dangerous and damaging earthquakes happen?

near cities

Hazard

a source of danger

Why is exercising dominion more about minimizing the risks associated with an earthquake than minimizing earthquake hazards?Give an example of minimizing earthquake risks.

Scientists and engineers can't change earthquake hazards, but they can thoroughly understand the risks. We can do much to reduce or even eliminate the risks; developing early warning communication systems

How do seismologists determine which locations have the greatest likelihood of earthquakes?

Seismologists study the history or areas with faults. They notice what areas haven't had an earthquake recently. If major earthquakes have occurred all along a fault except in one area - called a seismic gap - that area may be due for an earthquake.

What is the highest magnitude on the Richter scale?

The scale doesn't work well for earthquakes stronger than about magnitude 7. There is no upper limit to earthquake magnitude.

What is the range for the levels of destruction? Explain the least and greatest range.

1 - earthquake that leaves no visible damage 12 - total destruction to all buildings and services and a change of appearance to the land

What are all the earthquake hazards?

1. Landslides 2. Building Collapse 3. Tsunamis 4. Fire

What does Earthquake intensity depend on?

1. Richter magnitude 2. the depth of its focus 3. the distance of its epicenter from populated places 4. the quality of building construction 5. the kinds of soil and underground rock formations 6. THE EARTHQUAKE'S DURATION (IMPORANT)

Where/what can the Richter scale not work for?

1. earthquakes stronger than about magnitude 7 2. earthquakes farther than about 700 km (435 mi.) away from seismic station

What is the maximum value on the intensity scale and what would the observed result be?

12; total destruction to all buildings and services and a change of the appearance of the land

How much more energy does a magnitude 3.5 earthquake have than a magnitude 2.5 earthquake? (Hint: How many magnitudes different are these two earthquakes)

31.6 times

What signaled that an earthquake was a possibility in Liaoning Province of northeast China in 1975?

A combination of an increased number of minor quakes, changing water table levels, and unusual animal behavior

Which mountain has rock layers that directly contradicts the principle of superposition?

Chief Mountain in Glacier National Park

Besides the magnitude of an earthquake, what other major factor can cause increase seismic damage in even well-built areas?

Earthquake's duration

Why is being aware of the approximate time between major earthquakes for San Francisco not good enough to provide an earthquake prediction?

Earthquakes are too unpredictable. People may seem certain patterns, but that doesn't mean an earthquake is going to happen. An earthquake prediction isn't accurate.

(True or False) An earthquake with an intensity of VI is 31.6 times more damaging than an intensity V earthquake.

False

True or False: The Richter scale is a linear relationship.

False

True or False: The Richter scale is based on how an earthquake feels and the amount of damage that it can cause.

False

True or False: The destructiveness of an earthquake is related only to its magnitude.

False

What did Richter design his scale for?

For the local, moderate earthquakes that occur in southern California

What is a view that fits with both the young-and old-earth stories?

Geologists assume that more complex fossils are found in new rock layers and simple fossils are found in older rock layers

Explain what happens in an overthrust.

In a reverse fault, the upper block of rock strata slides back along the fault plane, and then up and over nearby younger rocks.

What is the difference between magnitude and intensity?

Magnitude is the measure of an earthquake's energy. Intensity is a measure of the concentration of energy or the effects of the energy released; a measure of the damage that an earthquake causes using the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale

What do both do naturalistic and creationist geologists believe that the movement for this upside down mountain can be explained by?

Overthrust

When speaking of earthquakes, what is one important purpose of dominion through science?

Through the ability of being able to give warnings, you may be able to save many lives which fulfills the command given to us through the Creation Mandate

True or False: Both secular and creation geologists agree that there is evidence that this overthrust occurred rapidly.

True

True or False: Earthquakes can last anywhere from a few seconds to many minutes, but most earthquakes last less than a minute. Some buildings can withstand a few seconds of violent shaking but fall apart with longer exposures.

True

True or False: Even earthquakes with a 6 on the Richter scale could be a 10 on the MMI scale because it lasts for 20-30 second. It did more damage.

True

True or False: It is unlikely that a fault slip could produce an earthquake with a magnitude of 10. With this magnitude, people everywhere would feel the shaking.

True

True or False: Scientists and engineers cannot change earthquake hazards but they thoroughly understand the risks. We can do much to reduce or even eliminate the risks.

True

True or False: Since people are more familiar with the Richter scale, seismologists convert all public earthquake reports to equivalent magnitudes on the Richter scale.

True

True or False: The wealthier a nation, the better able it is to protect its citizens from natural disasters.

True

True or False: There is no upper limit to earthquake magnitude.

True

Why is it difficult to predict earthquake?

We can't recognize for sure the signs of an earthquake that is about to happen.

What are some ways that we can minis the potential for seismic damage?

We need to develop earthquake prediction tools and early warning communication systems

Risk

a possibility of injury or death to people and damage to property

Scientists suggest that certain animals are trustworthy ______ of earthquakes.

predictors