Science Ch. 17 Self Study

What general area of the periodic table are non-metals found? What is the only exception?

All non-metals except Hydrogen are found to the right of the stair-step line.

How many valence electrons are found on alkaline-earth metals?

Each atom of an alkaline-earth metal has 2 valence electrons in its outer energy level.

Which group on the periodic table are known as the Halogens?

Group 17. ex-Fluorine & Chlorine

Which group on the periodic table are known as the Noble Gases?

Group 18. ex-Helium & Neon

What group on the periodic table contains alkaline-earth metals? List 2 examples.

Group 2. ex- Beryllium & Magnesium

List the elements of the iron triad. Why are they given this name?

Iron, Cobalt, & Nickel form the iron triad. They are called this because they are the most common magnetic elements & are used in steel and other metal mixtures.

What state of matter do metals exist in at room temperature? What is the only exception?

Metals exist as solids at room temperature except for Mercury.

List 3 general characteristics that all non-metals share.

Non-metals are not malleable or ductile and are brittle or powdery. They are poor conductors.

What charge will form on non-metals when they become ions?

Nonmetals will become negative ions when they gain electrons from metals.

What is the main component in a semiconductor?

Silicon

How many valence electrons are usually found in metals?

The atoms of metals generally have 1 to 3 valence electrons in their outer energy levels.

What group on the periodic table contains the alkaline metals? List 2 examples.

The elements in group 1 are alkaline metals. ex-Lithium & Sodium

Why will the noble gases never form compounds or bond with any other element?

The noble gases exist as isolated atoms-they are stable because their outermost energy levels are full.

List 3 general characteristics that all metals share.

They are all shiny, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat & electricity.

Where are the metalloids found on the periodic table? List 2 examples.

They are found along the stair-step line. ex-Boron & Silicon

What general area of the periodic table are the transition metals located?

They are found in groups 3 through 12. They are considered to be in transition between the main group elements.

Why do Alkali metals usually not exist in their element form in nature?

They are so reactive- they react rapidly and sometimes violently with oxygen & water.

How are Alkali metals different than other metals?

They are softer than most metals and are the most reactive metals.

What state of matter do non-metals exist in at room temperature?

They are usually gases or solids at room temperature.

What general area of the periodic table are metals likely to be found?

They can be found to the left of the stair-step line, (elements in groups 1 through 12, 13 through 15.)

List 2 characteristics that all metalloids share.

They can form ionic bonds & covalent bonds.

transition metal

elements found in groups 3-12. ex-Titanium & Manganese

metal

elements that are shiny, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and energy. ex-Copper & Magnesium

non-metal

elements that are usually gases or solids at room temperature. ex-Hydrogen & Oxygen

semiconductor

elements that conduct an electric current under certain conditions. ex-Silicon & Germanium

metalloid

elements that have some properties of metals and some properties of non metals. ex-Boron & Arsenic

covalent bond

formed between non-metal atoms; electrons are shared to fill outer shell

ionic bond

formed between oppositely charged ions; formed by the transfer of electrons