Science Chapter 2
Why do scientists classify living things?
By grouping living things, they are easier to study.
Who developed a naming system that grouped organisms on the basis of observable features?
Carlos Linnaeus
cell membrane
controls what enters and leaves a cell
What are 2 parts of a scientific name? Give an example showing each part.
genus - ex. bubo species - ex.virgianus
What is the difference between growth and development?
growth is getting bigger and development is making any organism more complex
cell wall
provides a cell with shape and protection
resolution
sharpness of an image
vacuole
stores the water, food, and waste in a cell
magnification
the ability to make objects larger
lysosomes
the cell part that breaks down food and worn out cell parts
endoplasmic reticulum
the cell part that carries materials from one place to another
chloroplasts
the cell part that makes food through photosynthesis
ribosomes
the cell part that produces protein
cytoplasm
the gel like fluid in a cell
spontaneous generation
the idea that living things can come from non-living ones
homeostasis
the maintenance of stable internal conditions
nucleolus
the part of a cell that makes ribosomes
Golgi bodies
the part of a cell that transports materials
taxonomy
the scientific study of how living things are classified
chromatin
the strands in the nucleus of a cell that contain genes and how to direct
List the 3 parts of cell theory
1)all living things are composed of cells, 2)cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, 3)all cells come from cells
Which domains include only prokatyotes?
Archaca Bacteria
List the 8 levels of classifications from the HIGHEST level to the lowest.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What did Robert Hooke see when he observed the structure of a thin slice of cork and what did he call what he saw?
He saw empty spaces and he called them cells.
Why was the invention of the microscope important?
It made it possible for people to learn and discover cells that they could not see with just their eyes.
The more classification levels that 2 organisms share, means they have more or less characteristics in common?
More (be able to interpret a classification table like you discussed in class - see your notes)
How are plant cells different from animal cells?
Plant - autroph, cell wall and chlorplast Animal - heterotroph
What is the name of the only kingdom of eukaryotes that contains both autotrophs and heterotrophs and unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Protists
What did the experiments of Redi and Pasteur demonstrate?
That spontaneous generation is false
What is the source of energy for most autotrophs?
The Sun
stimulus
a change in an organism's surroundings that causes it to react
response
an action that occurs in reaction to a stimulus
heterotroph
an organism that cannot make its own food
autotroph
an organism that makes its own food
prokaryote
an organism whose cells lack a nucleus
What are the 3 domains of life? Tell if each domain consists of prokaryotes or eukaryotes.
bacteria: prokaryotes archae: prokaryotes ekaya; eukaryotes
How does a bacterial cell differ from a plant or animal cell?
bacterial lacks a nucleus, is a prokaryote animal and plant cells have a nucleus, is a eukaryote
What 3 characteristics are used to place organisms into domains and kingdoms?
cell type, ability to make food, and number of cells
What are cells like in many-celled organisms?
cells are organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems; different specialized functions
List 6 characteristics that all living things share.
cellular organization, contains similar organizations, use energy, respond to surroundings, grow and develop, and reproduce
List some examples of organisms that belong to the fungi kingdom
mushrooms, mold, mildew
eukaryote
organisms whose cells contain a nucleus
nucleus
part of a cell that directs all of the cell activity
mitochondria
part of a cell that produces energy
