Science Chapter 2

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Why do scientists classify living things?

By grouping living things, they are easier to study.

Who developed a naming system that grouped organisms on the basis of observable features?

Carlos Linnaeus

cell membrane

controls what enters and leaves a cell

What are 2 parts of a scientific name? Give an example showing each part.

genus - ex. bubo species - ex.virgianus

What is the difference between growth and development?

growth is getting bigger and development is making any organism more complex

cell wall

provides a cell with shape and protection

resolution

sharpness of an image

vacuole

stores the water, food, and waste in a cell

magnification

the ability to make objects larger

lysosomes

the cell part that breaks down food and worn out cell parts

endoplasmic reticulum

the cell part that carries materials from one place to another

chloroplasts

the cell part that makes food through photosynthesis

ribosomes

the cell part that produces protein

cytoplasm

the gel like fluid in a cell

spontaneous generation

the idea that living things can come from non-living ones

homeostasis

the maintenance of stable internal conditions

nucleolus

the part of a cell that makes ribosomes

Golgi bodies

the part of a cell that transports materials

taxonomy

the scientific study of how living things are classified

chromatin

the strands in the nucleus of a cell that contain genes and how to direct

List the 3 parts of cell theory

1)all living things are composed of cells, 2)cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, 3)all cells come from cells

Which domains include only prokatyotes?

Archaca Bacteria

List the 8 levels of classifications from the HIGHEST level to the lowest.

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

What did Robert Hooke see when he observed the structure of a thin slice of cork and what did he call what he saw?

He saw empty spaces and he called them cells.

Why was the invention of the microscope important?

It made it possible for people to learn and discover cells that they could not see with just their eyes.

The more classification levels that 2 organisms share, means they have more or less characteristics in common?

More (be able to interpret a classification table like you discussed in class - see your notes)

How are plant cells different from animal cells?

Plant - autroph, cell wall and chlorplast Animal - heterotroph

What is the name of the only kingdom of eukaryotes that contains both autotrophs and heterotrophs and unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Protists

What did the experiments of Redi and Pasteur demonstrate?

That spontaneous generation is false

What is the source of energy for most autotrophs?

The Sun

stimulus

a change in an organism's surroundings that causes it to react

response

an action that occurs in reaction to a stimulus

heterotroph

an organism that cannot make its own food

autotroph

an organism that makes its own food

prokaryote

an organism whose cells lack a nucleus

What are the 3 domains of life? Tell if each domain consists of prokaryotes or eukaryotes.

bacteria: prokaryotes archae: prokaryotes ekaya; eukaryotes

How does a bacterial cell differ from a plant or animal cell?

bacterial lacks a nucleus, is a prokaryote animal and plant cells have a nucleus, is a eukaryote

What 3 characteristics are used to place organisms into domains and kingdoms?

cell type, ability to make food, and number of cells

What are cells like in many-celled organisms?

cells are organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems; different specialized functions

List 6 characteristics that all living things share.

cellular organization, contains similar organizations, use energy, respond to surroundings, grow and develop, and reproduce

List some examples of organisms that belong to the fungi kingdom

mushrooms, mold, mildew

eukaryote

organisms whose cells contain a nucleus

nucleus

part of a cell that directs all of the cell activity

mitochondria

part of a cell that produces energy


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