Science Chapter 3.1
viscosity
—a liquid's resistance to flowing —more viscous = less flow
liquid
—shape is NOT fixed, volume IS FIXED —a substance in the fluid state of matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume —Definite volume, but no fixed shape (takes the shape of the container). —Example: air, helium
Materials can be classified as....
—solids, liquids, or gases depending upon whether their shapes and volumes are definite or variable.
surface tension
—the result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid, that brings the molecules on the surface closer together
What determines the viscosity of a liquid?
1. The size and shape of its particles. AND 2. The attractions between its particles.
What is another word for a liquid?
A FLUID
Plastics, rubber, and glass are examples of what type of solids?
AMORPHOUS SOLIDS
Why do solids have a definite shape and volume?
Because their particles are in a fixed, closely packed position (they can move (vibrate) a little, but not much).
Salt, sugar, and snow are examples of what type of solids?
CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
What type of solids melt at a distinct temperature when heated?
CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
_____ = the state of matter in which a material has NEITHER a definite SHAPE NOR a definite VOLUME.
Gas
_____ takes the shape and volume of its container.
Gas
What happens to gas particles released from a container?
Gas particles will always spread out (disperse) as they move to fill all space available.
Are honey and syrup examples of liquid with LOW or HIGH viscosity?
HIGH VISCOSITY (they flow slowly) —the honey badger is highly vicious
What happens to amorphous solids when they are heated?
Instead of melting at a distinct point they may become softer or change into other substances.
What happens to a gas when you put it into a closed container?
It either expands to fill the container or contracts (and compresses) to fit into the container.
What happens to liquid without a container?
It spreads into a wide, shallow puddle.
Are water and vinegar examples of liquid with LOW or HIGH viscosity?
LOW VISCOSITY (they flow quickly)
_____ = the state of matter in which a material has a definite VOLUME but NOT a definite SHAPE.
Liquid
Are the particles in a liquid MORE or LESS closely packed that the particles in a gas?
MORE closely packed
Are the particles in a solid completely motionless?
NO
What is the difference between particles in a liquid and particles in a solid?
Particles in a liquid are closely packed but move freely around one another (this is why liquids have definite VOLUME, but not a definite shape).
Do liquids with low viscosity flow quickly or slowly?
QUICKLY
.........and ...........are clues to how the particles within a material are arranged.
Shape, volume
_____ = the state of matter in which materials have a definite shape AND definite volume.
Solid
TRUE or FALSE: Solids, liquids, and gases may be elements, compounds, or mixtures?
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: Gases are also fluids.
TRUE: GASES can flow and thus are FLUIDS.
Is air a gas?
Technically air is a mixture of different gases including oxygen and carbon dioxide.
plasma
Will be discussed later. (Discovered by Sir William Crookes in 1879.)
On Earth, almost all matter exists in what three states?
solid, liquid, gaseous
What is the result of surface tension?
the surface of a liquid can act almost like a sort of skin that can support items that would normally sink when submerged below the surface
Pascal (Pa)
—SI unit for pressure is pascal (Pa)
fluid
—a substance that flows at room temperature and pressure
crystalline solids
—have regular, repeating patterns of matter particles
amorphous solids
—made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern
solid
—shape AND volume BOTH ARE FIXED —matter with definite shape and a definite volume (and tightly packed atoms) —Example: book, rock
gas
—shape AND volume BOTH ARE NOT FIXED —has neither definite shape nor a definite volume —Example: water, soda
