Science Quiz 2/25
Arthropods are what classification of animals: 1) Phylum 2) Order 3) Class 4) Genus
1
Genetically and morphologically, the coelacanth has more in common with ________ than almost any other fish. 1) Four limbed vertebrates 2) Feathered birds 3) Flightless birds 4) Worms
1
Our earliest ancestors in equatorial Africa were all darkly pigmented because 1) They needed protection from strong UV rays 2) They were more adept at finding food, shelter and mates than their lighter-skinned counterparts, and thus proliferated through natural selection 3) They carried a mutant gene that made them especially susceptible to Hypervitaminosis D 4) They needed protection from strong UV rays AND They carried a mutant gene that made them especially susceptible to Hypervitaminosis D
1
The endosymbiotic theory explains how organelles inside eukaryotic cells are descended from ancient 1) Unicellular prokaryotic organisms 2)Unicellular eukaryotic organisms 3)Multicellular prokaryotic organisms 4) Multicellular eukaryotic organisms
1
The endosymbiotic theory provides a way to explain the complexity of eukaryotic cells. This explanation is based on: 1) How simpler organisms combine their different abilities to live together 2) The way a complex organism can become dominant over simple organisms 3) Small organisms invading and destroying larger host cells 4) Using different arrangements of membranes to produce energy
1
The skin's three layers are ______. 1) The dermis, epidermis, and hypodermis 2) Merkel cells, the dermis, and hypodermis 3) The dermis, epidermis, and the Langerhans layer 4) The dermis, epidermis, and keratin
1
What disadvantage did our sun-adapted ancestors have when they moved to northern latitudes? 1) They made too much eumelanin, so their bodies could not produce enough vitamin D after UV exposure 2) They made too much eumelanin, so they could not get vitamin D from sun exposure 3) They could not make enough melanin, so their bodies could not produce enough vitamin D after UV exposure 4) They could not make enough melanin, so they got sun-burned from UV exposure
1
When did animal life first arise? 1) More than 500 million years ago 2) Half a million years ago 3) 4,000 years ago 4) 40,000 years ago
1
Where did animal life first arise? 1) In the ocean 2) On land 3) In outer space 4) Nobody knows
1
Which animal's eye allows them to see without the blind spot? 1) Cephalopod 2) Planaria 3) Euglena 4) Human
1
Which organism demonstrates the use of simple light spots? 1) Euglena 2) Planaria 3) Nautilus 4) Anablep
1
Who would you expect to be most at risk for developing the bone disease rickets? 1) Children born to mothers with dark skin, living far from the equator 2) Adults with dark skin who live close to the equator 3) Children born to mothers with light skin, living close to the equator 4) Adults with light skin who live close to the equator
1
A coelacanth has ________. 1) Ray-fins 2) Lobe-fins 3) No-fins 4) Blue-fins
2
According to Dr. Jablonski, where did Darwin go wrong? 1) With that whole crazy descended-from-the-apes thing 2) With his statement that human skin color has nothing to do with climate 3) With his statement that different skin colors evolved for camouflage 4) With his statement that darker skin colors evolved later than lighter skin colors
2
According to Munshi-South, what animal is moving into New York City for the first time? 1) Red-tailed hawks 2) Coyotes 3) Snakehead fish 4) Black bears
2
TRUE OR FALSE Mutations are caused by selective pressure in the environment.
False
TRUE OR FALSE The appearance of dark-colored volcanic rock caused the mutation for black fur to appear in the rock pocket mouse population.
False
TRUE OR FALSE Biologists classify specific forms of traits as good or bad. For example, long tails in cats could be classified as good and short tails as bad.
False
YES OR NO For rock pocket mice, do genetic mutations contribute to selective pressure favoring dark-colored fur?
No
YES OR NO For rock pocket mice, does availability of food for the rock pocket mice contribute to selective pressure favoring dark-colored fur?
No
Endosymbiosis can best be described as: 1) Many cells of one type of organism living closely together 2) Two organisms occupying the same type of environment 3) One organism living completely inside another organism 4) How a multicellular organism uses cell division to grow
3
New mitochondria inside eukaryotic cells are produced by: 1) Expression of mitochondria genes in the DNA stored in the cell's nucleus 2) Constantly absorbing prokaryotic cells that break down sugar using oxygen 3) The dividing of mitochondria already present in the cell 4) The chloroplasts of the cell
3
Variation in skin color is a function of: 1) Intrepidness 2) Migration 3) Biology 4) Adaptability
3
What happened in 1938? 1) Albert Einstein unveiled his theory of relativity 2) The Beatles sold their first album 3) Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer found a living coelacanth 4) The coelacanth was officially declared extinct
3
Which one of these eyes is the most "advanced"? 1) Cupped disc 2) Light spot 3) Lensed eye 4) Pin-hole camera
3
Why are Munshi-South and his colleagues interested in the white-footed mouse? 1) It's an urban vertebrate population that's actually increased over the past 50 years 2) It's developed immunity to three common rodent diseases 3) It illustrates how urbanization is affecting evolution 4) It spreads hantavirus, and two cases were reported in NYC in 2010 5) It's the red-tailed hawks' cuisine of choice
3
Why does Dr. Jablonski study NASA satellite data? 1) To research cloud cover over various parts of the Earth 2) To research the surface temperature of various regions of the world 3) To research the average UV radiation levels in various parts of the world 4) To determine whether an extreme weather event could have killed the Neanderthals
3
About ______ of the body's blood supply is circulating through the dermis at any given time. 1) 15% 2) 17% 3) 50% 4) 25%
4
Chloroplasts in a eukaryotic cell have both an inner and outer membrane. The inner membrane of chloroplasts is similar to: 1) The membrane surrounding the whole eukaryotic cell 2) The inner membrane of the mitochondria in that cell 3) The membrane of an ancient organism that absorbed other organisms 4) The membrane of an ancient prokaryotic organism that could perform photosynthesis
4
Biologists sometimes say that "natural selection depends on the specific environment where a species lives." What does this statement mean? 1) If populations of a species are in different environments, traits that individuals need to meet their needs in each environment will appear. 2) Traits can be helpful or harmful. If populations of a species are in different environments, some traits that are helpful in one environment might be harmful in another environment. 3) Traits are always either helpful or harmful, and the environment of a population doesn't matter. If populations of a species are in different environments, the same traits will always be helpful. 4) Species were formed to perfectly match their environment. The traits of individuals in a species depend on the specific environment in which they were created.
2
From and to where where did the early ancestors of humans migrate nearly 50,000 years ago? 1) From Africa to Europe and Asia 2) From the region between the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn to Europe and Asia 3) From the Tropic of Capricorn to Europe and Asia 4) From North Africa to Europe and Asia
2
If you travel north from the equator, what generally happens to the intensity of ultraviolet (UV) light? 1) The intensity increases. 2) The intensity decreases. 3) The intensity stays the same. 4) It is impossible to predict.
2
Munshi-South and his colleagues are analyzing DNA from the white-footed mouse in order to 1) Figure out why red-tailed hawks think they're so mouth-watering 2) Determine how many genetically distinct populations exist within the city 3) Understand how it spreads hantavirus 4) Save the endangered Alabama Beach Mouse
2
The coelacanth was thought to have gone extinct 65 million years ago ________. 1) When man first walked the earth 2) During the same mass extinction of the dinosaurs 3) Around the time of Aristotle 4) All answers are correct
2
The integumentary system is made up of ______. 1) The skin 2) The hair, skin, nails, certain glands, and nerves 3) Everything you see on the surface of your body 4) Your skin and hair
2
Ultraviolet light can cause mutations and other damage within cells, which can hurt an individual's chance of surviving and leaving offspring. Some molecules can protect cells from damage by UV. The amount of these molecules is determined by genes. Within a population, some individuals make more of these UV-protection molecules than others. What do you predict would happen to the frequency of the genes that cause more of the molecules to be made in a population over time? Assume all other factors are equal. 1) The frequency would increase because individuals need the genes. 2) The frequency would increase because individuals with the genes for more molecules would leave more offspring. 3) The frequency would decrease because molecules are types of chemicals, and having more chemicals in the body is harmful. 4) The frequency would stay the same because populations do not change over time.
2
What did Munshi-South discover about the white-footed mouse's heavy metal tolerance? 1) Mice living near sites contaminated with heavy metals actually lived longer than other mice 2) The gene involved in heavy metal tolerance is very different in city and country mouse populations 3) Black Sabbath yes, Iron Maiden not so much 4) Exposure to heavy metals affects litter size, but not lifespan
2
What key feature(s) enabled arthropods to successfully establish life on dry land? 1) Notochord and bony skeleton 2) Exoskeleton and jointed appendages 3) Mantle and single foot 4) A powerful ringed body
2
Where was a second species of coelacanth found decades after Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer? 1) Mobile, Alabama 2) Indonesia 3) South Africa 4) Alaska
2
Which of these major animal phyla invaded dry land first? 1) Molluscs 2) Arthropods 3) Chordates 4) Annelids
2
Who is quoted to have said that the evolution of the human eye appears "absurd in the highest possible degree"? 1) Richard Dawkins 2) Charles Darwin 3) Gregor Mendel 4) Isaac Newton
2
Suppose you are studying a recently discovered population of rock pocket mice with dark-colored fur that lives on volcanic rock. You take a DNA sample from a member of this new population and determine the DNA sequence of a gene known to play a role in fur color. The sequence you get is identical to that of the same gene in another rock pocket mouse population with dark-colored fur that lives on a different patch of volcanic rock. Which of the following could explain this observation? 1) The mice in the two populations evolved from the same ancestral population. 2) The volcanic rock caused the same mutation in each rock pocket mouse population, resulting in dark coloration. 3) The same mutation spontaneously arose in the two different populations. 4) The mice in the two populations evolved from the same ancestral population AND The same mutation spontaneously arose in the two different populations. 5) All answers are possible.
4
The ingredient that gives skin its color and a version of its own sunscreen is known as: 1) Melanocytes 2) Pigment 3) Melanosome 4) Melanin
4
We rely on ______ to give us our sense of touch. 1) The skin's enormous surface area 2) The sensitive hairs on the surface of our skin 3) Collagen fibers 4) Merkel cells and nerve cells
4
What does Dr. Nina Jablonski find unusual about Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species? 1) Darwin had to publish it himself, because it was so scandalous 2) Darwin supports both biological evolution and creationism 3) Darwin was self-taught, and only 23 when he published his work 4) The book barely mentions human evolution
4
What does UVB radiation do that's good for humans? 1) It treats rosacea, eczema, and other skin conditions 2) It delivers a safer, longer-lasting tan than UVA radiation 3) It neutralizes ground-level ozone, which would otherwise reduce lung function 4) It catalyzes the production of vitamin D in our skin
4
What is the explanation for our blind spot? 1) The lens 2) The cornea 3) The optic nerve 4) An inverted retina
4
What useful trait did the early ancestors living in the sun-saturated latitudes pass on to their offspring? 1) More eumelanin 2) More melanin 3) More pigment 4) All answers are correct
4
When two bridges were built on a hillside in northern Manhattan, what happened to the Northern Dusky salamanders that lived there? 1) The species ceased to exist in New York City 2) Volunteers relocated them to a nature preserve on Staten Island 3) They lay down in front of the bulldozers to protest 4) They evolved into two genetically distinct populations
4
TRUE OR FALSE The same mutation could be advantageous in some environments but deleterious in others.
True
YES OR NO For rock pocket mice, do predators contribute to selective pressure favoring dark-colored fur?
Yes
YES OR NO For rock pocket mice, does rock color contribute to selective pressure favoring dark-colored fur?
Yes
TRUE OR FALSE Your skin is your body's largest organ.
true
