Science Quiz #5
The prime meridian is at how many degrees?
0º (zero degrees)
Degree(º)
1/360 of the distance around a circle
There are ___ lines of longitude that run from north to south, meeting at the poles
360
Between the equator and each pole are ___ evenly spaced, parallel lines of ___
90, latitude
A Mercator projection is based on what?
A Mercator projection is based on a cylinder with grid lines that has been flattened
Map
A flat model of all or part of Earth's surface as seen from above
Map Projection
A framework of lines that helps to transfer points on Earth's three-dimensional surface onto a flat map
A line of latitude is defined by what
A line of latitude is defined by the angle it makes with the equator and the center of Earth
Map key (legend)
A list of all the symbols used on the map
A longitude of 30ºE indicates a half circle 30º East of the prime meridian
A longitude of 30ºE indicates a half circle 30º East of the prime meridian
What is the difference between a map and a globe?
A map is flat and shows Earth's entire surface
Model
A model is something that represents an object or a system, such as a model car or model railroad
Globe
A sphere that represents Earth's entire surface
Prime Meridian
Another imaginary line that makes a half circle from the North Pole to the South Pole
Why can't we just use meters and kilometers to measure distance and locate places on a globe or world map
Because Earth is a sphere, not flat and made up of straight lines
Half of the lines of longitude are in the ____ _____ and half are in the ________ _______
Half of the lines of longitude are in the Eastern Hemispheres and half are in the Western Hemisphere
How does the distance between lines of longitude change from the equator toward the poles?
It decreases
Is 30º N a latitude or a longitude? How do you know?
It is a latitude because latitude lines are identified as being north or south of the equator
Is 30º E a latitude or a longitude? How do you know?
It is a longitude because longitude lines are identified as being east or west of the prime meridian
Latitude measures distances _____ and _____ of the equator
Latitude measures distances north or south of the equator
Longitude measures distances _____ or ____of the prime meridian
Longitude measures distances east or west of the prime meridian
What do mapmakers use to show Earth's curved surface on a flat map
Map Projection
Is the distance represented by one degree of longitude always the same?
No, the distance is greatest at the equator and least at the poles
Is it possible to walk across all lines of latitude? Explain.
No; it's practically impossible to walk all the way from the North Pole to the South Pole or vice versa
What happens on a Mercator projection
On a Mercator projection, the size and shape of landmasses become more and more distorted toward the north and south poles
Hemisphere
One half of the sphere that makes up Earth's surface
What other things are symbols used to show?
Physical features like rivers and mountains
Places east of the prime meridian are in the...
Places east of the prime meridian are in the Eastern Hemisphere
Map scale
Relates distance on a map to that on Earth's surface
Maps and globes are drawn to ____ and use ____ to represents ____ on Earth's surface
Scale, symbols, features
Maps and globes show the _____, _____, and _______ of features on Earth's surface
Shape, size, position
Symbol
Shapes and pictures mapmakers use to stand for features on Earth's surface
Circumference
The distance around the outside of a circle or sphere
Longitude
The distance is degrees east or west of the prime meridian
Latitude
The distance is degrees north or south of the equator
The equator and prime meridian divide Earth's surface into .....
The equator and prime meridian divide Earth's surface into hemispheres
What are the two base lines used to locate points on Earth's surface?
The equator and the prime meridian are two base lines used to locate points on Earth's surface
The equator divides Earth into what two hemispheres
The equator divides Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres
What does the equator do?
The equator divides Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres
Equator
The equator forms an imaginary line that circles Earth
Where is the equator located?
The equator is located halfway between the North and South poles
What is the starting line for measuring latitude?
The equator is the starting line for measuring latitude
Why do you need both latitude and longitude to locate a place on Earth's surface
The intersection of lines of latitude and longitude are specific points
The latitude at the equator is how many degrees?
The latitude at the equator is 0º (zero degrees)
The lines of _______ and _________ form a grid that can be used to find locations anywhere on Earth
The lines of latitude and longitude form a grid that can be used to find locations anywhere on Earth
What do the lines of latitude and longitude form?
The lines of latitude and longitude form a grid that can be used to find locations anywhere on Earth
The longitude lines in each hemisphere are numbered form ____ to _____
The longitude lines in each hemisphere are numbered form 0º to 180º
What is the starting line for measuring longitude?
The prime meridian
How many lines of longitude are there that run from north to south, meeting at the poles
There are 360 lines of longitude that run from north to south, meeting at the poles
Why was it necessary to establish a prime meridian?
There needed to be a starting point for measuring longitude, or distance east or west across Earth's surface
What does the equator, prime meridian and lines of latitude and longitude allow people to do?
These lines allow people to locate points on Earth's surface and measure distances between points
Why are models of Earth useful?
They allow people to visualize an object that is very large
Why is the equator and the prime meridian placed on globes and maps?
They are the baselines for a grid used to locate positions on Earth's surface
How are these base lines used?
They form the basis for a grid
Mapmakers have constructed a grid made up of lines of latitude and longitude by using what?
Using the equator and prime meridian, mapmakers have constructed a grid made up of lines of latitude and longitude
Places west of the prime meridian are in the..
Western Hemispheres
On which model of Earth- the map projection or the globe- are distances, shapes, and sizes most accurate? Why?
Because a globe is a sphere, like Earth, distances, shapes and sizes are accurate everywhere on the globe
How are objects like buildings, bridges and roads represented on a map?
With symbols
Between the equator and each pole are ___ evenly spaced, parallel lines called...
Between the equator and each pole are 90 evenly spaced, parallel lines called lines of latitude
How is a map and a globe alike?
Both are drawn to scale and use symbols to represent features on Earth's surface
Distances around a circle are measured in...
Distances around a circle are measured in degrees
Distances on Earth are measured in what and from where
Distances on Earth are measured in degrees from the equator and the prime meridian
Distances on Earth are measured in...
Distances on Earth are measured in degrees from the equator and the prime meridian
Each line of represents how many degrees of longitude
Each line represents one degree of longitude
Why must a map use a projection to represent Earth?
Earth is round and a map is flat, so some sort of adjustment is needed to compensate for the difference
A globe and a map are models of...
Earth's surface
Halfway between the North and South poles, the _____ forms an imaginary line that circles Earth
Equator
Is it possible to walk around the world, crossing all 360º of longitude, in less than a minute? If so, where?
Yes, it is possible at the poles. If a pole were planted at the South Pole, one could simply walk a small circle around the pole
"Drawn to scale"
"Drawn to scale" means that, when a map is made or drawn, a ratio is used to relate all objets and distances on a map to real objects and distances on Earth
How is the equator like the prime meridian, and how are they different?
- Both are imaginary lines that provide a basis for an ordinary grid on Earth's surface. - The equator is a line that circles Earth in a east-west direction, whereas the prime meridian makes a half circle in a north-south direction
What are the four hemispheres?
- The Northern Hemisphere - The Southern Hemisphere - The Eastern Hemisphere - The Western Hemisphere
Where are the four hemispheres located?
- The Northern Hemisphere is north of or above of the equator - The Southern Hemisphere is south of or below of the equator - The Eastern Hemisphere is east or right of the prime meridian - The Western Hemisphere is west or left of the prime meridian
The equator is the starting line for measuring _____
latitude
The location of any point on Earth's surface can be expressed in terms of _______ and _______ lines that cross at that point
latitude, longitude