Science Quiz #5

The prime meridian is at how many degrees?

0º (zero degrees)

Degree(º)

1/360 of the distance around a circle

There are ___ lines of longitude that run from north to south, meeting at the poles

360

Between the equator and each pole are ___ evenly spaced, parallel lines of ___

90, latitude

A Mercator projection is based on what?

A Mercator projection is based on a cylinder with grid lines that has been flattened

Map

A flat model of all or part of Earth's surface as seen from above

Map Projection

A framework of lines that helps to transfer points on Earth's three-dimensional surface onto a flat map

A line of latitude is defined by what

A line of latitude is defined by the angle it makes with the equator and the center of Earth

Map key (legend)

A list of all the symbols used on the map

A longitude of 30ºE indicates a half circle 30º East of the prime meridian

A longitude of 30ºE indicates a half circle 30º East of the prime meridian

What is the difference between a map and a globe?

A map is flat and shows Earth's entire surface

Model

A model is something that represents an object or a system, such as a model car or model railroad

Globe

A sphere that represents Earth's entire surface

Prime Meridian

Another imaginary line that makes a half circle from the North Pole to the South Pole

Why can't we just use meters and kilometers to measure distance and locate places on a globe or world map

Because Earth is a sphere, not flat and made up of straight lines

Half of the lines of longitude are in the ____ _____ and half are in the ________ _______

Half of the lines of longitude are in the Eastern Hemispheres and half are in the Western Hemisphere

How does the distance between lines of longitude change from the equator toward the poles?

It decreases

Is 30º N a latitude or a longitude? How do you know?

It is a latitude because latitude lines are identified as being north or south of the equator

Is 30º E a latitude or a longitude? How do you know?

It is a longitude because longitude lines are identified as being east or west of the prime meridian

Latitude measures distances _____ and _____ of the equator

Latitude measures distances north or south of the equator

Longitude measures distances _____ or ____of the prime meridian

Longitude measures distances east or west of the prime meridian

What do mapmakers use to show Earth's curved surface on a flat map

Map Projection

Is the distance represented by one degree of longitude always the same?

No, the distance is greatest at the equator and least at the poles

Is it possible to walk across all lines of latitude? Explain.

No; it's practically impossible to walk all the way from the North Pole to the South Pole or vice versa

What happens on a Mercator projection

On a Mercator projection, the size and shape of landmasses become more and more distorted toward the north and south poles

Hemisphere

One half of the sphere that makes up Earth's surface

What other things are symbols used to show?

Physical features like rivers and mountains

Places east of the prime meridian are in the...

Places east of the prime meridian are in the Eastern Hemisphere

Map scale

Relates distance on a map to that on Earth's surface

Maps and globes are drawn to ____ and use ____ to represents ____ on Earth's surface

Scale, symbols, features

Maps and globes show the _____, _____, and _______ of features on Earth's surface

Shape, size, position

Symbol

Shapes and pictures mapmakers use to stand for features on Earth's surface

Circumference

The distance around the outside of a circle or sphere

Longitude

The distance is degrees east or west of the prime meridian

Latitude

The distance is degrees north or south of the equator

The equator and prime meridian divide Earth's surface into .....

The equator and prime meridian divide Earth's surface into hemispheres

What are the two base lines used to locate points on Earth's surface?

The equator and the prime meridian are two base lines used to locate points on Earth's surface

The equator divides Earth into what two hemispheres

The equator divides Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres

What does the equator do?

The equator divides Earth into the Northern and Southern hemispheres

Equator

The equator forms an imaginary line that circles Earth

Where is the equator located?

The equator is located halfway between the North and South poles

What is the starting line for measuring latitude?

The equator is the starting line for measuring latitude

Why do you need both latitude and longitude to locate a place on Earth's surface

The intersection of lines of latitude and longitude are specific points

The latitude at the equator is how many degrees?

The latitude at the equator is 0º (zero degrees)

The lines of _______ and _________ form a grid that can be used to find locations anywhere on Earth

The lines of latitude and longitude form a grid that can be used to find locations anywhere on Earth

What do the lines of latitude and longitude form?

The lines of latitude and longitude form a grid that can be used to find locations anywhere on Earth

The longitude lines in each hemisphere are numbered form ____ to _____

The longitude lines in each hemisphere are numbered form 0º to 180º

What is the starting line for measuring longitude?

The prime meridian

How many lines of longitude are there that run from north to south, meeting at the poles

There are 360 lines of longitude that run from north to south, meeting at the poles

Why was it necessary to establish a prime meridian?

There needed to be a starting point for measuring longitude, or distance east or west across Earth's surface

What does the equator, prime meridian and lines of latitude and longitude allow people to do?

These lines allow people to locate points on Earth's surface and measure distances between points

Why are models of Earth useful?

They allow people to visualize an object that is very large

Why is the equator and the prime meridian placed on globes and maps?

They are the baselines for a grid used to locate positions on Earth's surface

How are these base lines used?

They form the basis for a grid

Mapmakers have constructed a grid made up of lines of latitude and longitude by using what?

Using the equator and prime meridian, mapmakers have constructed a grid made up of lines of latitude and longitude

Places west of the prime meridian are in the..

Western Hemispheres

On which model of Earth- the map projection or the globe- are distances, shapes, and sizes most accurate? Why?

Because a globe is a sphere, like Earth, distances, shapes and sizes are accurate everywhere on the globe

How are objects like buildings, bridges and roads represented on a map?

With symbols

Between the equator and each pole are ___ evenly spaced, parallel lines called...

Between the equator and each pole are 90 evenly spaced, parallel lines called lines of latitude

How is a map and a globe alike?

Both are drawn to scale and use symbols to represent features on Earth's surface

Distances around a circle are measured in...

Distances around a circle are measured in degrees

Distances on Earth are measured in what and from where

Distances on Earth are measured in degrees from the equator and the prime meridian

Distances on Earth are measured in...

Distances on Earth are measured in degrees from the equator and the prime meridian

Each line of represents how many degrees of longitude

Each line represents one degree of longitude

Why must a map use a projection to represent Earth?

Earth is round and a map is flat, so some sort of adjustment is needed to compensate for the difference

A globe and a map are models of...

Earth's surface

Halfway between the North and South poles, the _____ forms an imaginary line that circles Earth

Equator

Is it possible to walk around the world, crossing all 360º of longitude, in less than a minute? If so, where?

Yes, it is possible at the poles. If a pole were planted at the South Pole, one could simply walk a small circle around the pole

"Drawn to scale"

"Drawn to scale" means that, when a map is made or drawn, a ratio is used to relate all objets and distances on a map to real objects and distances on Earth

How is the equator like the prime meridian, and how are they different?

- Both are imaginary lines that provide a basis for an ordinary grid on Earth's surface. - The equator is a line that circles Earth in a east-west direction, whereas the prime meridian makes a half circle in a north-south direction

What are the four hemispheres?

- The Northern Hemisphere - The Southern Hemisphere - The Eastern Hemisphere - The Western Hemisphere

Where are the four hemispheres located?

- The Northern Hemisphere is north of or above of the equator - The Southern Hemisphere is south of or below of the equator - The Eastern Hemisphere is east or right of the prime meridian - The Western Hemisphere is west or left of the prime meridian

The equator is the starting line for measuring _____

latitude

The location of any point on Earth's surface can be expressed in terms of _______ and _______ lines that cross at that point

latitude, longitude