Science quiz: DENSITY, CONVECTION, AIR PRESSURE
Density:
The degree of compactness of a substance.
Convection:
The movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.
The Coriolis Effect:
The result of Earth's rotation on weather patterns and ocean currents. The Coriolis Effect makes storms swirl clockwise in the Southern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Northern hempisphere.
What are convection currents?
Loops of moving air or water that transfer energy from one location to another.
How does wind occur near mountains in the daytime?
Mountains absorb more heat during the day than the valleys do, so warm air rises off the mountainside. The cooler air from the valley rushes in to take its place. During the night, the mountains cool faster than the valleys, so the whole process happens in reverse. A cool breeze blows down from the mountains.
Occurs as a result of convection within the last ocean.
Ocean currents.
Define air pressure.
Pressure is a force pushing on an area.
Provides the energy that drives convection within the ocean.
Sun.
What is the simple explanation for why air moves?
That the sun heats Earth unevenly, causing different amounts of air pressure in different areas.
________- warm air is less dense than cold air (fill in the blank):
_________= warm air rises
_________- the poles receive less of the Sun's energy (fill in the blank):
__________= air near the pole is colder
Sun's energy:
1- Radiant energy from 2- Sun heats atmosphere and surface on 3- Earth transferring energy through 4- Convection diffrential= 5- heating diffrences in air= 6- pressure Heating and Pressure result in 7- Wind Heating and wind influence seawater resulting in 8- Ocean currents
Density of water is?
1.0 g/mL
Why do breezes blow from the ocean to land during the day?
Air above land heats up density ⬇️, air rise. Cooler, more dense air moves in to replace it.
Describe the movement of areas of high pressure.
Areas of high pressure push toward areas of low pressure. High pressure ----> (wind)----> low pressure
What is the relationship between altitude and density?
As altitude increases, density decreases. Altitude ⬆️ Density ⬇️
Describe the relationship between temperature and air pressure.
As temperature decreases, air pressure increases. ⬇️⬇️ ⬆️⬆️ Cold Warm High pressure Low pressure
Air pressure:
Atmospheric pressure, sometimes also called barometric pressure, is the pressure exerted by the weight of air in atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet). Atmospheric pressure is closely approximated by the hydrostatic pressure caused by the weight of air above the measurement point.
What tool is used to measure air pressure?
Barometer.
Blue equals?
Cold.
From pole to equator- is it Cold OR Warm?
Cold.
Convection in order:
Convection is a type of heat transfer that occurs only in fluids. A fluid is a liquid or gas. Convection cannot occur in solids because particles are fixed and unable to move past each other. In a fluid the particles vibrate and are able to flow past each other. As a fluid is heated the particles will gain more energy, causing them to vibrate more. Increased particle vibrations cause the particles to move further away from each other. As the particles in the hotter fluid at the bottom of the container are further apart, this area becomes less dense. Less dense fluids will rise above denser fluids, so the hotter fluid rises above the cooler fluid. The cooler fluid falls to take place of the hotter fluid. The hotter fluid that has risen up starts to cool, and the cooler fluid that has fallen starts to heat up. The repetition of this cycle causes a convection current to form. Hotter, less dense fluids falls to take its place.
Relationship between warm ocean water and its movement.
Density- decreases Movement- rises
High pressure:
Drier air Air sinks Clockwise movement Air is more dense Extreme changes in T from day to night Clear skies
Why does Earth experience unequal heating?
Earth is tilted on its axis.
When air rises what does it do? Expands OR Compresses.
Expands.
Describe the relationship between altitude and air pressure.
Increasing altitude means less air molecules. Less air molecules means less pressure.
On a hot day what heats up faster? Land OR The Ocean.
Land.
So the air is less dense over? Land OR The Ocean.
Land.
From equator to pole- is it Cold OR Warm?
Warm.
Red equals?
Warm.
Why do breezes flow from land out over the water at night?
Water is warmer at night. Current reversed.
How do convection currents influence the weather?
When convection currents occur in the air, they cause wind.
Low pressure:
Where wind is headed Lower density Air rises Tends to have high winds and warmer air Air moves counterclockwise More humid air
What is the difference between local winds and global winds?
Winds blow clouds from one area to another, and clouds carry precipitation.
D= mass/volume. Yes or no?
Yes
__________- cold air is more dense than warm air (fill in the blank):
________= cold air sinks
__________- warm air molecules are farther apart (fill in the blank):
________= warm air is less dense
__________- the equator receives more of the dense Sun's energy (fill in the blank):
_________= air near the equator is warmer
________= earth rotates (fill in the blank):
_________= the Coriolis effect exists
