Science - Work, Power, and Energy
What is the SI measurement for work?
A Joule (J).
What is the unit of measurement for power?
A Watt (W).
What are the two ways that gravitational potential energy can be increased?
By increasing an object's weight, or increasing its height.
What is the relationship between work and energy?
Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. Energy and work are therefore both measured in Joules.
What is nuclear energy?
Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom (e.g. nuclear fusion or nuclear fission).
What is electromagnetic energy?
Energy that travels in waves (e.g. sunlight).
What two factors determine the amount of work done on an object?
Force and distance.
What is the gravitational potential energy formula?
GPE = Weight × Height
What is the kinetic energy formula?
KE = 1/2mv²
What happens to kinetic energy if mass is doubled?
Kinetic energy is doubled.
What happens to kinetic energy if velocity is doubled?
Kinetic energy is quadrupled.
What is the mechanical energy formula?
ME = PE + KE
What two factors affect an object's kinetic energy?
Mass and velocity. Both are directly related to kinetic energy.
When force is exerted, is work done?
Not necessarily. If the object moves in the same direction as the force being applied, work is done. However, if the object does not move, work is not done.
What is a Watt?
One Joule per second (J/s)
What is a Joule?
One Newton per meter (N × m)
What is the power formula?
P = W/T
What is gravitational potential energy?
Potential energy related to an object's height.
What is chemical energy?
Potential energy stored in the chemical bonds that hold chemical compounds together (e.g. chemical energy stored in foods and used by the body).
What is the relationship between power and work?
Power is the amount of work done on an object in a unit of time.
What is the relationship between power and energy?
Since power is the rate at which work is done, and work is the transfer of energy, then power is the rate at which energy is transferred.
What is potential energy?
Stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object, and has the potential to do work (e.g. compressing a spring).
What is kinetic energy?
The energy an object has due to its motion.
What is electrical energy?
The energy of electrical charges (e.g. lightning and batteries).
How is work defined scientifically?
The force exerted on an object that causes it to move in the same direction as the force.
What is mechanical energy?
The form of energy associated with the position and motion of an object.
What is elastic potential energy?
The potential energy associated with objects that can be stretched or compressed (e.g. an archer bending a bow gives it potential energy that sends the arrow flying when released).
What is thermal energy?
The total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object (e.g. ice cream melting on a hot day).
What is horsepower?
The unit of power for engines and vehicles. 1 horsepower = 746 Watts
Which of the two factors that affect kinetic energy has a greater effect?
Velocity because it is squared in the kinetic energy equation.
What is the work formula?
W = F × D
What is the weight formula?
Weight = m × gravity (9.8 m/s²)