Scientific Revolution test
Heliocentric
The idea that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe.
Enlightenment Despot
an absolute ruler who uses power to bring about political and social
treaty of Paris (1783)
document ending the war, in which Britain recognized the independence of the United States of America
Gravity
force that keeps planets in orbit; proposed by Newton
George III
king of Enpland during the American Revolution
Diderot
made the encyclopedia and wanted more tolerance in soccieties
Johannes Kepler
mathematician who plotted the orbits of planets and discovered they are elliptical
James Madison
one of the authors of the Constitution
Baroque
ornate style of art and architecture popular in the 1600s and 1700s
Rococo
personal, elegant style of art and architecture made popular during
Benjamin franklin
philosopher, scientist, publisher, legislator, diplomat, and a framer of the Constitution
Thomas Jefferson
principal author of the Declaration of Independence
Isaac Newton
scientist who argued that there were uniform laws of nature and that all motions could be measured mathmatically
Robert Boyle
scientist who explained all matter as being composed of tiny particles that behave in knowable ways; proposed laws governing gases
Galileo
scientist who proved that the Earth moves around the sun; in 1633, the Inquisition forced him to recant his heliocentric views
Yorktown, Virginia
site where George Washington forced the surrender of the British army in 1781, after which the British war effort crumbled
Censorship
Restriction on access to ideas or information
Stamp Act
A tax imposed by England on the colonies on items such as newspapers and pamphlets
Johann Sebastian Bach and Frederick Handel
Baroque music written by
Rousseau
Came up with the social contract; People will alwasy be governed and will even have to be forced to be free
Tycho Brahe
Danish astronomer who collected data to prove that Copernicus was correct
Francis Bacon
English thinker who, with Descartes, rejected the assumptions of Aristotle; stressed experimentation and observation and created the scientific method
John Locke
Everyone was born with a blank slate and as we grow what we expiernece goes on the blank slate
John Wesley
Founder of Methodism
Rene Descartes
French philosopher and mathematician who proposed the need to search for provable knowledge; determined that true knowledge can only be obtained through reason.
Voltaire
God created the universe and then left it alone according to
salons
Informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, philosophes, and others exchanged ideas
Popular sovereignty
John Locke's idea that all government power comes from the people
Beccaria
Legal punishment is wrong
Mary Wollstonecraft
Men were hypocrites
Thomas Hobbes
People are naturally greedy, cruel, and selfish; strong government can only make orderly society
Nicolaus Copernicus
Polish astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe
Montesquieu
Supported the idea of seperation of power and checks and balances
George Washington
Virginia planter and soldier who became the head of the Continental army
Issac Newton
Thought it was best to understand the way society works by finding the natural laws that govern it
Frank Joseph Hayden and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wrote classical music
Calculus
a branch of mathematics partially developed by Newton and used to explain his laws
Federal Republic
a government in which the power is divided between the federal government and the states
Hypothesis
a logical or possible explanation to a problem to be tested using the scientific method
Scientific Method
a step-by-step process of discovery requiring the collection of accurately measured data
Adam Smith
wrote the wealth of nations and said that the basic purposses of government were protection, defense against injustic, and maintaning public works