section 2

How many pairs of ribs articulate (directly or indirectly) with the sternum?

10

Sunlight contacting the epidermis converts ____________ to vitamin D₃, otherwise known as cholecalciferol.

7-dehydrocholesterol

At what location do the three bones of the os coxae fuse?

Acetabulum

serves as a precursor for the formation of long bones in the body.

Hyaline cartilage

What are you resting your hands on when you rest them on your hips, just below the waist?

Iliac crests

Which is not correct regarding the pelvis?

In anatomic position, the pubis is posterior and inferior to the ischium.

Which is not a feature of the ethmoid bone?

Inferior nasal concha

Match the description of the vertebrae with their associated region. -Lumbar vertebrae

Largest vertebrae

Which is not a site for muscle attachment on the femur?

Lateral condyle

Match the following features of the tibia and fibula Distal end of fibula at ankle

Lateral malleolus

Elevated midline ridge on shaft (femur)

Linea aspera

Which of the spinal curves forms when a child is about 12 months of age?

Lumbar

Which bone is not paired?

Mandible

What is the superior portion of the sternum called?

Manubrium

Which of these is not a paranasal sinus?

Mastoid sinus

Which bone bears the infraorbital foramen?

Maxilla

Match the following features of the tibia and fibula Distal process of tibia at ankle

Medial malleolus

What is the name of the prominence on the medial surface of the ankle?

Medial malleolus

dense irregular ct covering the outer surface of bone

Periosteum

What is the function of the cribriform plate?

Permits passage of the olfactory nerves

Which of the following is not a function of the vertebral column?

Provide support for the muscles of the arm

Which bones comprise each pectoral girdle?

Scapula and clavicle

Which bones articulate with the humerus?

Scapula, radius, and ulna

The sella turcica is part of which bone?

Sphenoid

Rib 1 articulates with vertebra ______ and the ______.

T1; manubrium of the sternum

Which bone bears the mandibular fossa?

Temporal

Which is not correct regarding the patella? The patella is triangular in shape. The patella is located in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The posterior aspect of the patella articulates with the femur. The broad superior portion of the patella is called the apex. The patella can be palpated on the anterior surface of the knee.

The broad superior portion of the patella is called the apex.

Match the following features of the tibia and fibula Patellar ligament attachment site

Tibial tuberosity

Match the following anatomical parts of the humerus with their appropriate articulations. 1. Trochlea of humerus

Trochlear notch of ulna

Which statement accurately describes the articulations between ribs and vertebrae?

Twelve thoracic vertebrae articulate with the ribs.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. -Many bones contain yellow bone marrow that gives rise to blood cells and platelets.

false

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. -Skeletal muscles attach to bones by ligaments and contraction of these muscles allows for movement of the bones.

false

True or false Because the scapula is directly connected to the axial skeleton, it cannot move freely across the thorax.

false

-greater trochanter - intercondylar fossa

femur

Scapula is a ___________ bone

flat

The head of the humerus articulates with the

glenoid cavity

The part of a rib that articulates with the demifacets on the bodies of vertebrae is the

head

-lesser tubercle -olecranon fossa -trochlea

humerus

-lateral epicondyle -neck -head

humerus and femur

Articular cartilage, found on the ends of long bones, consists of

hyaline cartilage.

The head of the fibula articulates with the fibular articular facet on the

lateral condyle of the tibia.

The expanded distal end of the fibula is called the

lateral malleolus.

Femur is a __________ bone

long

female pelvis characteristics

-shallow lesser pelvis -coccyx moveable and tilted posteriorly -wide sacrum -wide greater sciatic notch

Which cervical vertebra is also known as the vertebra prominens?

C7

______________ is(are) found in compact bone, but not spongy bone.

Central canals

Which bone is not part of the axial skeleton?

Clavicle

Match the description of the vertebrae with their associated region. -Cervical vertebrae

Contain transverse foramina

Which features are found only on thoracic vertebrae?

Costal facets and demifacets

Match the description of the vertebrae with their associated region. -Thoracic vertebrae

Costal facets articulate with ribs

Which tarsal bone articulates with metatarsals IV and V?

Cuboid

Which feature is unique to the axis?

Dens

-layer of cells that cover internal surfaces of the bone

Endosteum

Bump on condyle of femur

Epicondyle

True or False- Compact bone is found on the internal surfaces of spongy bone, often lining the marrow cavities.

False

True or False- Once the epiphyseal plate fuses and forms an epiphyseal line, the long bone continues to grow in length, but at a slower rate.

False

The "soft spots" on an infant's head are caused by which of the following?

Fontanelles

Depression in head of femur

Fovea capitis

Match the following anatomical parts of the humerus with their appropriate articulations. 3. Head of humerus

Glenoid fossa of scapula

Projects laterally at junction of neck/shaft (femur)

Greater trochanter

Match the following anatomical parts of the humerus with their appropriate articulations. Capitulum of humerus

Head of radius

Which bone articulates with all three cuneiform bones?

Navicular

What is the inner, gelatinous region of each intervertebral disc called?

Nucleus pulposus

Which of the following features is the most proximal feature of the ulna? -Styloid process -Olecranon -Radial tuberosity -Ulnar notch

Olecranon

Match the following anatomical parts of the humerus with their appropriate articulations. 2. Olecranon fossa of humerus

Olecranon of ulna

Which of the following choices accurately describes the crural bones?

Only the tibia is weight-bearing.

Which bones articulate with the femur?

Os coxae, tibia, patella

Which is not correct regarding the femur?

The intercondylar fossa is located on the anterior surface of the bone.

Which curves of the vertebral column are present at birth?

Thoracic and sacral

Match the division of the vertebral column with its description. Thoracic vertebrae__________________________ Cervical vertebrae _________________________ Lumbar vertebrae____________________________ Sacrum__________________________________________ Coccyx__________________________________________

Twelve vertebrae that articulate with ribs Seven vertebrae in the neck Five vertebrae in the low back Five fused vertebrae Four vertebrae comprising the "tailbone"

Which is not a feature of the ulna?

Ulnar notch

Permits passage of the olfactory nerves

Vomer

Which is not a cranial bone?

Vomer

The acetabulum is

a depression in the hip bone that receives the head of the femur.

The occipital condyles articulate with the

atlas.

If you look at the cross section of a long bone under a microscope, the rings of bone immediately internal to the periosteum of the bone are called

external circumferential lamellae.

Calcidiol returns to the blood once again where transport to the kidneys then allows the final conversion to ________

calcitriol.

Osseous tissue matrix is composed of

calcium phosphate.

Transverse foramina are found in _____ vertebrae.

cervical

Transported via the blood to the liver, ____________ is converted to calcidiol.

cholecalciferol

Hyaline cartilage consists of specialized cells called __________ that produce a matrix surrounding themselves. When matrix surrounds these cells they become __________ that are trapped in lacunae.

chondroblasts; chondrocytes

The _________ process of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone.

condylar

Match the following features of the tibia and fibula Tibial surface articulating with femur

condyle

The prominence on the inferior side of the sternal end of the clavicle is called the

costal tuberosity.

The shaft of a long bone is called the __________, while the expanded, knobby region at each end is called the __________.

diaphysis, epiphysis

Now in the most active form, calcitriol acts to ____________ blood calcium by acting on three target organs: 1) small intestines 2) skeleton, and 3) kidneys.

increase

Mechanical stress applied to bone __________ osteoblast activity in bone tissue, and the removal of mechanical stress __________ osteoblast activity.

increases; decreases

The _________ provide passageways for spinal nerves to exit the vertebral column and travel to other parts of the body.

intervertebral foramina

Vertebrae is a __________ bone

irregular

The _______ suture is the articulation between the occipital bone and both parietal bones.

lambdoid

The hyoid bone is located between the

mandible and the larynx.

The medial and lateral condyles of the tibia articulate with the

medial and lateral condyles of the femur.

- contains red bone marrow -hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis

medullary cavity

-contains the growth plate -region between diaphysis and epiphysis

metaphysis

Match the components of the epiphyseal plate with the correct description. -The area where calcified cartilage is replaced by bone

ossified bone

Bone-forming cells that produce collagen and proteoglycans and release matrix vesicles are

osteoblasts.

Bone cells that become surrounded by bone matrix and are located in cavities called lacunae are

osteocytes.

The tibial tuberosity is the attachment site for the

patellar ligament.

The ___________ subdivides the pelvis into the "true pelvis" and the "false pelvis".

pelvic brim

The biceps brachii muscle attaches to the _________ of the radius.

radial tuberosity

In an adult, red bone marrow is found in all of the following bones except the

radius.

The inferior termination of the sacral canal is an opening called the

sacral hiatus.

What bone(s) does the clavicle articulate with?

scapula and sternum

The sternal angle can be used as an anatomical landmark to identify the position of the

second rib.

The portion of the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland is the

sella turcica

Carpal bone is a ________

short

The axial skeleton includes the

skull, hyoid bone, thoracic cage, and vertebral column.

The vertebral processes that are most easily palpated along the midline of the back are the _____ p

spinous

The bony projections that can be palpated medially and laterally at the wrist are the

styloid processes.

The zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the _________ process of the zygomatic bone form the zygomatic arch.

temporal

The three borders of the scapula are called

the superior, axillary, and vertebral borders.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. -Bone encloses and protects many of the soft organs of the body such as the heart, brain, and spinal cord.

true

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. -Bone, cartilage, and ligaments all are components of the skeletal system that help with support.

true

true or false -the spinous, suprascapular, and subscapular borders.

true

true or false The pectoral girdle consists of two scapulae and two clavicles.

true

true or false- The human skeletal system includes bones, cartilage, and ligaments

true

Ribs that join the sternum directly by costal cartilages are called

true ribs.

Match the components of the epiphyseal plate with the correct description. -Chondrocytes mature and enlarge, the cells nearest the diaphysis are undergoing hypertrophy

zone of hypertrophic cartilage

Match the components of the epiphyseal plate with the correct description. -The very thin zone that contains hypertrophied chondrocytes and calcified cartilage matrix

zone of ossification

Match the components of the epiphyseal plate with the correct description. -Chondrocytes produce new cartilage, divide, and form columns resembling stacks of coins

zone of proliferating cartilage

Match the components of the epiphyseal plate with the correct description. -The area nearest to the epiphysis that contains randomly arranged chondrocytes

zone of the resting cartilage