section 2
How many pairs of ribs articulate (directly or indirectly) with the sternum?
10
Sunlight contacting the epidermis converts ____________ to vitamin D₃, otherwise known as cholecalciferol.
7-dehydrocholesterol
At what location do the three bones of the os coxae fuse?
Acetabulum
serves as a precursor for the formation of long bones in the body.
Hyaline cartilage
What are you resting your hands on when you rest them on your hips, just below the waist?
Iliac crests
Which is not correct regarding the pelvis?
In anatomic position, the pubis is posterior and inferior to the ischium.
Which is not a feature of the ethmoid bone?
Inferior nasal concha
Match the description of the vertebrae with their associated region. -Lumbar vertebrae
Largest vertebrae
Which is not a site for muscle attachment on the femur?
Lateral condyle
Match the following features of the tibia and fibula Distal end of fibula at ankle
Lateral malleolus
Elevated midline ridge on shaft (femur)
Linea aspera
Which of the spinal curves forms when a child is about 12 months of age?
Lumbar
Which bone is not paired?
Mandible
What is the superior portion of the sternum called?
Manubrium
Which of these is not a paranasal sinus?
Mastoid sinus
Which bone bears the infraorbital foramen?
Maxilla
Match the following features of the tibia and fibula Distal process of tibia at ankle
Medial malleolus
What is the name of the prominence on the medial surface of the ankle?
Medial malleolus
dense irregular ct covering the outer surface of bone
Periosteum
What is the function of the cribriform plate?
Permits passage of the olfactory nerves
Which of the following is not a function of the vertebral column?
Provide support for the muscles of the arm
Which bones comprise each pectoral girdle?
Scapula and clavicle
Which bones articulate with the humerus?
Scapula, radius, and ulna
The sella turcica is part of which bone?
Sphenoid
Rib 1 articulates with vertebra ______ and the ______.
T1; manubrium of the sternum
Which bone bears the mandibular fossa?
Temporal
Which is not correct regarding the patella? The patella is triangular in shape. The patella is located in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The posterior aspect of the patella articulates with the femur. The broad superior portion of the patella is called the apex. The patella can be palpated on the anterior surface of the knee.
The broad superior portion of the patella is called the apex.
Match the following features of the tibia and fibula Patellar ligament attachment site
Tibial tuberosity
Match the following anatomical parts of the humerus with their appropriate articulations. 1. Trochlea of humerus
Trochlear notch of ulna
Which statement accurately describes the articulations between ribs and vertebrae?
Twelve thoracic vertebrae articulate with the ribs.
Indicate whether each statement is true or false. -Many bones contain yellow bone marrow that gives rise to blood cells and platelets.
false
Indicate whether each statement is true or false. -Skeletal muscles attach to bones by ligaments and contraction of these muscles allows for movement of the bones.
false
True or false Because the scapula is directly connected to the axial skeleton, it cannot move freely across the thorax.
false
-greater trochanter - intercondylar fossa
femur
Scapula is a ___________ bone
flat
The head of the humerus articulates with the
glenoid cavity
The part of a rib that articulates with the demifacets on the bodies of vertebrae is the
head
-lesser tubercle -olecranon fossa -trochlea
humerus
-lateral epicondyle -neck -head
humerus and femur
Articular cartilage, found on the ends of long bones, consists of
hyaline cartilage.
The head of the fibula articulates with the fibular articular facet on the
lateral condyle of the tibia.
The expanded distal end of the fibula is called the
lateral malleolus.
Femur is a __________ bone
long
female pelvis characteristics
-shallow lesser pelvis -coccyx moveable and tilted posteriorly -wide sacrum -wide greater sciatic notch
Which cervical vertebra is also known as the vertebra prominens?
C7
______________ is(are) found in compact bone, but not spongy bone.
Central canals
Which bone is not part of the axial skeleton?
Clavicle
Match the description of the vertebrae with their associated region. -Cervical vertebrae
Contain transverse foramina
Which features are found only on thoracic vertebrae?
Costal facets and demifacets
Match the description of the vertebrae with their associated region. -Thoracic vertebrae
Costal facets articulate with ribs
Which tarsal bone articulates with metatarsals IV and V?
Cuboid
Which feature is unique to the axis?
Dens
-layer of cells that cover internal surfaces of the bone
Endosteum
Bump on condyle of femur
Epicondyle
True or False- Compact bone is found on the internal surfaces of spongy bone, often lining the marrow cavities.
False
True or False- Once the epiphyseal plate fuses and forms an epiphyseal line, the long bone continues to grow in length, but at a slower rate.
False
The "soft spots" on an infant's head are caused by which of the following?
Fontanelles
Depression in head of femur
Fovea capitis
Match the following anatomical parts of the humerus with their appropriate articulations. 3. Head of humerus
Glenoid fossa of scapula
Projects laterally at junction of neck/shaft (femur)
Greater trochanter
Match the following anatomical parts of the humerus with their appropriate articulations. Capitulum of humerus
Head of radius
Which bone articulates with all three cuneiform bones?
Navicular
What is the inner, gelatinous region of each intervertebral disc called?
Nucleus pulposus
Which of the following features is the most proximal feature of the ulna? -Styloid process -Olecranon -Radial tuberosity -Ulnar notch
Olecranon
Match the following anatomical parts of the humerus with their appropriate articulations. 2. Olecranon fossa of humerus
Olecranon of ulna
Which of the following choices accurately describes the crural bones?
Only the tibia is weight-bearing.
Which bones articulate with the femur?
Os coxae, tibia, patella
Which is not correct regarding the femur?
The intercondylar fossa is located on the anterior surface of the bone.
Which curves of the vertebral column are present at birth?
Thoracic and sacral
Match the division of the vertebral column with its description. Thoracic vertebrae__________________________ Cervical vertebrae _________________________ Lumbar vertebrae____________________________ Sacrum__________________________________________ Coccyx__________________________________________
Twelve vertebrae that articulate with ribs Seven vertebrae in the neck Five vertebrae in the low back Five fused vertebrae Four vertebrae comprising the "tailbone"
Which is not a feature of the ulna?
Ulnar notch
Permits passage of the olfactory nerves
Vomer
Which is not a cranial bone?
Vomer
The acetabulum is
a depression in the hip bone that receives the head of the femur.
The occipital condyles articulate with the
atlas.
If you look at the cross section of a long bone under a microscope, the rings of bone immediately internal to the periosteum of the bone are called
external circumferential lamellae.
Calcidiol returns to the blood once again where transport to the kidneys then allows the final conversion to ________
calcitriol.
Osseous tissue matrix is composed of
calcium phosphate.
Transverse foramina are found in _____ vertebrae.
cervical
Transported via the blood to the liver, ____________ is converted to calcidiol.
cholecalciferol
Hyaline cartilage consists of specialized cells called __________ that produce a matrix surrounding themselves. When matrix surrounds these cells they become __________ that are trapped in lacunae.
chondroblasts; chondrocytes
The _________ process of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone.
condylar
Match the following features of the tibia and fibula Tibial surface articulating with femur
condyle
The prominence on the inferior side of the sternal end of the clavicle is called the
costal tuberosity.
The shaft of a long bone is called the __________, while the expanded, knobby region at each end is called the __________.
diaphysis, epiphysis
Now in the most active form, calcitriol acts to ____________ blood calcium by acting on three target organs: 1) small intestines 2) skeleton, and 3) kidneys.
increase
Mechanical stress applied to bone __________ osteoblast activity in bone tissue, and the removal of mechanical stress __________ osteoblast activity.
increases; decreases
The _________ provide passageways for spinal nerves to exit the vertebral column and travel to other parts of the body.
intervertebral foramina
Vertebrae is a __________ bone
irregular
The _______ suture is the articulation between the occipital bone and both parietal bones.
lambdoid
The hyoid bone is located between the
mandible and the larynx.
The medial and lateral condyles of the tibia articulate with the
medial and lateral condyles of the femur.
- contains red bone marrow -hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis
medullary cavity
-contains the growth plate -region between diaphysis and epiphysis
metaphysis
Match the components of the epiphyseal plate with the correct description. -The area where calcified cartilage is replaced by bone
ossified bone
Bone-forming cells that produce collagen and proteoglycans and release matrix vesicles are
osteoblasts.
Bone cells that become surrounded by bone matrix and are located in cavities called lacunae are
osteocytes.
The tibial tuberosity is the attachment site for the
patellar ligament.
The ___________ subdivides the pelvis into the "true pelvis" and the "false pelvis".
pelvic brim
The biceps brachii muscle attaches to the _________ of the radius.
radial tuberosity
In an adult, red bone marrow is found in all of the following bones except the
radius.
The inferior termination of the sacral canal is an opening called the
sacral hiatus.
What bone(s) does the clavicle articulate with?
scapula and sternum
The sternal angle can be used as an anatomical landmark to identify the position of the
second rib.
The portion of the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland is the
sella turcica
Carpal bone is a ________
short
The axial skeleton includes the
skull, hyoid bone, thoracic cage, and vertebral column.
The vertebral processes that are most easily palpated along the midline of the back are the _____ p
spinous
The bony projections that can be palpated medially and laterally at the wrist are the
styloid processes.
The zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the _________ process of the zygomatic bone form the zygomatic arch.
temporal
The three borders of the scapula are called
the superior, axillary, and vertebral borders.
Indicate whether each statement is true or false. -Bone encloses and protects many of the soft organs of the body such as the heart, brain, and spinal cord.
true
Indicate whether each statement is true or false. -Bone, cartilage, and ligaments all are components of the skeletal system that help with support.
true
true or false -the spinous, suprascapular, and subscapular borders.
true
true or false The pectoral girdle consists of two scapulae and two clavicles.
true
true or false- The human skeletal system includes bones, cartilage, and ligaments
true
Ribs that join the sternum directly by costal cartilages are called
true ribs.
Match the components of the epiphyseal plate with the correct description. -Chondrocytes mature and enlarge, the cells nearest the diaphysis are undergoing hypertrophy
zone of hypertrophic cartilage
Match the components of the epiphyseal plate with the correct description. -The very thin zone that contains hypertrophied chondrocytes and calcified cartilage matrix
zone of ossification
Match the components of the epiphyseal plate with the correct description. -Chondrocytes produce new cartilage, divide, and form columns resembling stacks of coins
zone of proliferating cartilage
Match the components of the epiphyseal plate with the correct description. -The area nearest to the epiphysis that contains randomly arranged chondrocytes
zone of the resting cartilage
