Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology 11th ed Chapter 16
33. If acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors,
G proteins mediate the cell's response.
36. When norepinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors,
G proteins mediate the cell's response.
28. How does distribution of symapthetic nerves differ from the distribution of parasymapthetic nerves?
Spinal nerves contain sympathetic fibers, while cranial nerves contain parasympathetic fibers.
52. Which of the following statements is false?
Structures receiving dual innervation by the ANS are regulated equally by both divisions.
13. The enteric nervous system can monitor and control digestive functions independently of the CNS.
TRUE
Match the characteristic with the correct nervous system: 83. acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter substance
both somatic and autonomic nervous systems
42. Which of the following is NOT a symapthetic effect on the body?
constriction of the pupil
61. Which of the following is NOT a parasympathetic effect?
dilation of the bronchioles in the lungs
49. What type of reflex operates independently of the CNS?
local reflex
30. The membranes of all postganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia have
nicotinic receptors.
59. The _______________ division of the ANS functions mainly under ordinary, restful conditions.
parasympathetic
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 102. functions at rest
parasympathetic
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 94. effects are short-lived
parasympathetic
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 95. inhibits heart rate but stimulates contraction of urinary bladder
parasympathetic
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 96. provides more extensive innervation of G.I. Tract
parasympathetic
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 99. craniosacral division
parasympathetic
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: effects more localized
parasympathetic
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: increases activity of GI tract
parasympathetic
39. Atropine causes the pupil of the eye to dilate by blocking the effect of muscarinic receptors. This means atropine is a(n)
parasympathetic blocking agent.
24. Parasympathetic preganglionic axons from the sacral region of the spinal cord course through ____ nerves that innervate the ____.
pelvic; lower colon and reproductive glands
29. Which of the following neurons is most likely to be adrenergic?
postganglionic sympathetic
5. Which of the organs listed below is not directly innervated by the autonomic nervous system?
skeletal muscle
54. John sees Martha; the pupils of his eyes dilate. It is "love at first sight." What division(s) of the ANS is(are) involved?
sympathetic division
109. Axons from preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division synapse with _________ ganglia.
terminal
22. Parasympathetic ganglia are called ____ ganglia.
terminal
60. The two divisions of the ANS have antagonistic effects on each of the following EXCEPT
the diameter of the blood vessels in skeletal muscles
2. Compared to a somatic reflex, an autonomic reflex utilizes
two motor neurons plus cardiac and smooth muscle and glands as effectors.
108. The celiac ganglion is one of the three main _________ ganglia.
collateral
11. Where is the enteric nervous system located?
digestive tract
16. Chain ganglia are part of the
sympathetic branch of the ANS.
6. Efferent neurons of the
ANS utilize two neurons in series to connect the CNS to the effector.
14. The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS differ in the
-length of the preganglionic and postganglionic axons -location of the preganglionic cell bodies -position of the ganglia where preganglionic and postganglionic neurons synapse.
7. Arrange the following in correct sequence:
-preganglionic neuron -autonomic ganglia and ganglionic synapse -postganglionic neuron -synapse with target tissues
somatic motor neuron
64. Identify structure "A" on the top diagram.
preganglionic neuron
65. Identify structure "B" on the bottom diagram.
postganglionic neuron
66. Identify structure "C" on the bottom diagram.
autonomic ganglion
67. Identify structure "D" on the bottom diagram.
effector organ (smooth muscle of GI tract)
68. Identify structure "E" on the bottom diagram.
cranial nerves
69. The figure illustrates the parasympathetic division. What does "A" represent?
postganglionic neurons
70. The figure illustrates the parasympathetic division. What does "B" represent?
terminal ganglia
71. The figure illustrates the parasympathetic division. What does "C" represent?
preganglionic neurons
72. The figure illustrates the parasympathetic division. What does "D" represent?
pelvic nerves
73. The figure illustrates the parasympathetic division. What does "E" represent?
glossopharyngeal nerve
74. The figure illustrates the autonomic reflexes and the heart. What does "A" represent?
vagus nerve
75. The figure illustrates the autonomic reflexes and the heart. What does "B" represent?
increase in blood pressure detected by carotid baroreceptors
76. The figure illustrates the autonomic reflexes and the heart. What does "C" represent?
decrease in blood pressure detected by carotid baroreceptors
77. The figure illustrates the autonomic reflexes and the heart. What does "D" represent?
sympathetic nerve
78. The figure illustrates the autonomic reflexes and the heart. What does "E" represent?
79. (1) rate of muscle contraction when beta adrenergic receptors of the heart are stimulated (2) rate of muscle contraction when beta adrenergic receptors of intestinal muscle are stimulated
Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.
81. (1) the number of sympathetic impulses produced when a person is angry (2) the number of sympathetic impulses produced when a person is relaxed
Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.
82. (1) the number of sympathetic neurons that innervate sweat glands (2) the number of parasympathetic neurons that innervate sweat glands
Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.
80. (1) the frequency of sympathetic impulses to the heart when blood pressure increases (2) the frequency of sympathetic impulses to the heart when blood pressure decreases
Choose this if the first item is less than the second item.
51. Sympathetic effects are always stimulatory, while parasympathetic effects are always inhibitory.
FALSE
3. Which of the following statements applies to the autonomic nervous system?
The receptor molecules of the ANS may be muscarinic, nicotinic, or adrenergic.
53. Which of the following statements is true?
The sympathetic division diverges more than the parasympathetic division.
20. Consider the following situation: Sympathetic preganglionic axons enter a sympathetic chain ganglia. In order for these axons to reach collateral ganglia, they must now travel through
a splanchnic nerve.
106. Cholinergic neurons secrete _________.
acetylcholine
107. A neuron that secretes norepinephrine would be a(n) _________ neuron.
adrenergic
38. Sympathomimetic agents activate
adrenergic receptors.
34. The two classes of adrenergic receptors are
alpha and beta.
45. Autonomic reflexes
are integrated somewhere in the CNS.
4. What type of nerve would cause the smooth muscle of a blood vessel wall to constrict?
autonomic
Match the characteristic with the correct nervous system: 84. target tissues may be stimulated or inhibited
autonomic nervous system
Match the characteristic with the correct nervous system: 85. receptor molecules may be muscarinic or adrenergic
autonomic nervous system
40. Which of the following drugs would be the best choice to use in chronic asthma to dilate the bronchioles?
beta-adrenergic stimulating agents
43. Which effector has no innervation with parasympathetic nerves?
blood vessels
56. When a person consumes a substantial amount of nicotine, the response
both increases parasympathetic responses and increases sympathetic responses.
35. Adrenergic receptors
can be activated by the release of epinephrine.
19. Sympathetic preganglionic axons
can synapse in either chain or collateral ganglia.
18. Axons exit the sympathetic chain ganglia by all of the following except
cranial nerves.
105. The parasympathetic division of the ANS is also called the _________ division.
craniosacral
12. Which of the following is NOT a type of enteric neuron?
enteric bipolar neuron
21. Sympathetic stimulation of the postganglionic cells of the adrenal medulla causes the release of
epinephrine and norepinephrine.
32. When acetylcholine binds with nicotinic receptors, the response is
excitatory.
25. Which of the following nerves has parasympathetic axons?
facial
26. Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT carry parasympathetic fibers?
hypoglossal
47. What part of the CNS integrates thoughts and emotions to produce ANS responses?
hypothalamus
48. What part of the brain is in overall control of the ANS?
hypothalamus
62. Which of the following is a sympathetic effect?
increased heart rate
55. Stimulation by the autonomic nervous system results in increased insulin secretion from the pancreas during and after a meal. The following are most likely to be true.
increased insulin secretion is due to parasympathetic stimulation and acetylcholine agonists will stimulate insulin secretion
44. Which of the following is NOT an effect of parasympathetic action?
increased metabolism
50. Which of the following occurs when the parasympathetic system is stimulated?
increased motility of the digestive tract
37. When acetylcholine binds to autonomic muscarinic receptors,
intestinal motility increases.
46. Autonomic reflexes might be integrated in the
medula oblongata, spinal cord and hypothalamus.
57. Acetylcholine will cause the pupil of the eye to constrict. A drug acts on receptors for acetylcholine to cause the pupils of the eye to dilate. Nicotine does not bind to receptors in smooth muscle cells of the iris. Therefore, the drug which causes the pupils to dilate is a
muscarinic blocking agent.
31. Effector cells that respond to acetylcholine released from postganglionic neurons have
muscarinic receptors.
41. Beta-blockers (beta-adrenergic blocking agents) are frequently used to
prevent increases in heart rate.
63. The component of the autonomic reflex arc that detects a change in stimulus is the
receptor.
10. The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by
short postganglionic axons near the organs they innervate.
1. Which of the following is NOT an effector controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
skeletal muscle
Match the characteristic with the correct nervous system: 86. all axons are myelinated
somatic motor nervous system
Match the characteristic with the correct nervous system: 87. controls conscious movement
somatic motor nervous system
Match the characteristic with the correct nervous system: 88. neuron cell bodies are in the cerebral cortex
somatic motor nervous system
27. Which of the following is NOT a means of parasympathetic innervation of effectors?
spinal nerves
104. The thoracolumbar division is another name for the _____ division of the ANS.
sympathetic
58. The ________________ division of the ANS functions mainly to prepare the body for energy-expending, stressful situations.
sympathetic
9. Preganglionic fibers from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord are part of the ____ division of the ANS.
sympathetic
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 100. thoracolumbar division
sympathetic
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 101. fight-or-flight response
sympathetic
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 103. provides innervation to blood vessels in skeletal muscles
sympathetic
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 97. stimulation of this system often activates many effectors at the same time
sympathetic
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 98. release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
sympathetic
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: can produce widespread sweating
sympathetic
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: effects are more general
sympathetic
Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: has greater influence during physical activity
sympathetic
8. In the sympathetic division of the ANS,
the preganglionic cell body is located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord.
23. The vagus nerve carries parasympathetic impulses to the
thoracic and abdominal viscera.
15. Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the
thoracic and lumbar regions.
17. The short connection between a spinal nerve and a sympathetic chain ganglion through which preganglionic neurons pass is called the
white ramus communicans.