Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology 11th ed Chapter 16

33. If acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors,

G proteins mediate the cell's response.

36. When norepinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors,

G proteins mediate the cell's response.

28. How does distribution of symapthetic nerves differ from the distribution of parasymapthetic nerves?

Spinal nerves contain sympathetic fibers, while cranial nerves contain parasympathetic fibers.

52. Which of the following statements is false?

Structures receiving dual innervation by the ANS are regulated equally by both divisions.

13. The enteric nervous system can monitor and control digestive functions independently of the CNS.

TRUE

Match the characteristic with the correct nervous system: 83. acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter substance

both somatic and autonomic nervous systems

42. Which of the following is NOT a symapthetic effect on the body?

constriction of the pupil

61. Which of the following is NOT a parasympathetic effect?

dilation of the bronchioles in the lungs

49. What type of reflex operates independently of the CNS?

local reflex

30. The membranes of all postganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia have

nicotinic receptors.

59. The _______________ division of the ANS functions mainly under ordinary, restful conditions.

parasympathetic

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 102. functions at rest

parasympathetic

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 94. effects are short-lived

parasympathetic

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 95. inhibits heart rate but stimulates contraction of urinary bladder

parasympathetic

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 96. provides more extensive innervation of G.I. Tract

parasympathetic

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 99. craniosacral division

parasympathetic

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: effects more localized

parasympathetic

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: increases activity of GI tract

parasympathetic

39. Atropine causes the pupil of the eye to dilate by blocking the effect of muscarinic receptors. This means atropine is a(n)

parasympathetic blocking agent.

24. Parasympathetic preganglionic axons from the sacral region of the spinal cord course through ____ nerves that innervate the ____.

pelvic; lower colon and reproductive glands

29. Which of the following neurons is most likely to be adrenergic?

postganglionic sympathetic

5. Which of the organs listed below is not directly innervated by the autonomic nervous system?

skeletal muscle

54. John sees Martha; the pupils of his eyes dilate. It is "love at first sight." What division(s) of the ANS is(are) involved?

sympathetic division

109. Axons from preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division synapse with _________ ganglia.

terminal

22. Parasympathetic ganglia are called ____ ganglia.

terminal

60. The two divisions of the ANS have antagonistic effects on each of the following EXCEPT

the diameter of the blood vessels in skeletal muscles

2. Compared to a somatic reflex, an autonomic reflex utilizes

two motor neurons plus cardiac and smooth muscle and glands as effectors.

108. The celiac ganglion is one of the three main _________ ganglia.

collateral

11. Where is the enteric nervous system located?

digestive tract

16. Chain ganglia are part of the

sympathetic branch of the ANS.

6. Efferent neurons of the

ANS utilize two neurons in series to connect the CNS to the effector.

14. The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS differ in the

-length of the preganglionic and postganglionic axons -location of the preganglionic cell bodies -position of the ganglia where preganglionic and postganglionic neurons synapse.

7. Arrange the following in correct sequence:

-preganglionic neuron -autonomic ganglia and ganglionic synapse -postganglionic neuron -synapse with target tissues

somatic motor neuron

64. Identify structure "A" on the top diagram.

preganglionic neuron

65. Identify structure "B" on the bottom diagram.

postganglionic neuron

66. Identify structure "C" on the bottom diagram.

autonomic ganglion

67. Identify structure "D" on the bottom diagram.

effector organ (smooth muscle of GI tract)

68. Identify structure "E" on the bottom diagram.

cranial nerves

69. The figure illustrates the parasympathetic division. What does "A" represent?

postganglionic neurons

70. The figure illustrates the parasympathetic division. What does "B" represent?

terminal ganglia

71. The figure illustrates the parasympathetic division. What does "C" represent?

preganglionic neurons

72. The figure illustrates the parasympathetic division. What does "D" represent?

pelvic nerves

73. The figure illustrates the parasympathetic division. What does "E" represent?

glossopharyngeal nerve

74. The figure illustrates the autonomic reflexes and the heart. What does "A" represent?

vagus nerve

75. The figure illustrates the autonomic reflexes and the heart. What does "B" represent?

increase in blood pressure detected by carotid baroreceptors

76. The figure illustrates the autonomic reflexes and the heart. What does "C" represent?

decrease in blood pressure detected by carotid baroreceptors

77. The figure illustrates the autonomic reflexes and the heart. What does "D" represent?

sympathetic nerve

78. The figure illustrates the autonomic reflexes and the heart. What does "E" represent?

79. (1) rate of muscle contraction when beta adrenergic receptors of the heart are stimulated (2) rate of muscle contraction when beta adrenergic receptors of intestinal muscle are stimulated

Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.

81. (1) the number of sympathetic impulses produced when a person is angry (2) the number of sympathetic impulses produced when a person is relaxed

Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.

82. (1) the number of sympathetic neurons that innervate sweat glands (2) the number of parasympathetic neurons that innervate sweat glands

Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.

80. (1) the frequency of sympathetic impulses to the heart when blood pressure increases (2) the frequency of sympathetic impulses to the heart when blood pressure decreases

Choose this if the first item is less than the second item.

51. Sympathetic effects are always stimulatory, while parasympathetic effects are always inhibitory.

FALSE

3. Which of the following statements applies to the autonomic nervous system?

The receptor molecules of the ANS may be muscarinic, nicotinic, or adrenergic.

53. Which of the following statements is true?

The sympathetic division diverges more than the parasympathetic division.

20. Consider the following situation: Sympathetic preganglionic axons enter a sympathetic chain ganglia. In order for these axons to reach collateral ganglia, they must now travel through

a splanchnic nerve.

106. Cholinergic neurons secrete _________.

acetylcholine

107. A neuron that secretes norepinephrine would be a(n) _________ neuron.

adrenergic

38. Sympathomimetic agents activate

adrenergic receptors.

34. The two classes of adrenergic receptors are

alpha and beta.

45. Autonomic reflexes

are integrated somewhere in the CNS.

4. What type of nerve would cause the smooth muscle of a blood vessel wall to constrict?

autonomic

Match the characteristic with the correct nervous system: 84. target tissues may be stimulated or inhibited

autonomic nervous system

Match the characteristic with the correct nervous system: 85. receptor molecules may be muscarinic or adrenergic

autonomic nervous system

40. Which of the following drugs would be the best choice to use in chronic asthma to dilate the bronchioles?

beta-adrenergic stimulating agents

43. Which effector has no innervation with parasympathetic nerves?

blood vessels

56. When a person consumes a substantial amount of nicotine, the response

both increases parasympathetic responses and increases sympathetic responses.

35. Adrenergic receptors

can be activated by the release of epinephrine.

19. Sympathetic preganglionic axons

can synapse in either chain or collateral ganglia.

18. Axons exit the sympathetic chain ganglia by all of the following except

cranial nerves.

105. The parasympathetic division of the ANS is also called the _________ division.

craniosacral

12. Which of the following is NOT a type of enteric neuron?

enteric bipolar neuron

21. Sympathetic stimulation of the postganglionic cells of the adrenal medulla causes the release of

epinephrine and norepinephrine.

32. When acetylcholine binds with nicotinic receptors, the response is

excitatory.

25. Which of the following nerves has parasympathetic axons?

facial

26. Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT carry parasympathetic fibers?

hypoglossal

47. What part of the CNS integrates thoughts and emotions to produce ANS responses?

hypothalamus

48. What part of the brain is in overall control of the ANS?

hypothalamus

62. Which of the following is a sympathetic effect?

increased heart rate

55. Stimulation by the autonomic nervous system results in increased insulin secretion from the pancreas during and after a meal. The following are most likely to be true.

increased insulin secretion is due to parasympathetic stimulation and acetylcholine agonists will stimulate insulin secretion

44. Which of the following is NOT an effect of parasympathetic action?

increased metabolism

50. Which of the following occurs when the parasympathetic system is stimulated?

increased motility of the digestive tract

37. When acetylcholine binds to autonomic muscarinic receptors,

intestinal motility increases.

46. Autonomic reflexes might be integrated in the

medula oblongata, spinal cord and hypothalamus.

57. Acetylcholine will cause the pupil of the eye to constrict. A drug acts on receptors for acetylcholine to cause the pupils of the eye to dilate. Nicotine does not bind to receptors in smooth muscle cells of the iris. Therefore, the drug which causes the pupils to dilate is a

muscarinic blocking agent.

31. Effector cells that respond to acetylcholine released from postganglionic neurons have

muscarinic receptors.

41. Beta-blockers (beta-adrenergic blocking agents) are frequently used to

prevent increases in heart rate.

63. The component of the autonomic reflex arc that detects a change in stimulus is the

receptor.

10. The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by

short postganglionic axons near the organs they innervate.

1. Which of the following is NOT an effector controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

skeletal muscle

Match the characteristic with the correct nervous system: 86. all axons are myelinated

somatic motor nervous system

Match the characteristic with the correct nervous system: 87. controls conscious movement

somatic motor nervous system

Match the characteristic with the correct nervous system: 88. neuron cell bodies are in the cerebral cortex

somatic motor nervous system

27. Which of the following is NOT a means of parasympathetic innervation of effectors?

spinal nerves

104. The thoracolumbar division is another name for the _____ division of the ANS.

sympathetic

58. The ________________ division of the ANS functions mainly to prepare the body for energy-expending, stressful situations.

sympathetic

9. Preganglionic fibers from the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord are part of the ____ division of the ANS.

sympathetic

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 100. thoracolumbar division

sympathetic

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 101. fight-or-flight response

sympathetic

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 103. provides innervation to blood vessels in skeletal muscles

sympathetic

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 97. stimulation of this system often activates many effectors at the same time

sympathetic

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: 98. release of epinephrine and norepinephrine

sympathetic

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: can produce widespread sweating

sympathetic

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: effects are more general

sympathetic

Match the phrase to either the sympathetic or parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: has greater influence during physical activity

sympathetic

8. In the sympathetic division of the ANS,

the preganglionic cell body is located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord.

23. The vagus nerve carries parasympathetic impulses to the

thoracic and abdominal viscera.

15. Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the

thoracic and lumbar regions.

17. The short connection between a spinal nerve and a sympathetic chain ganglion through which preganglionic neurons pass is called the

white ramus communicans.