Sensation and Perception Module 18

Retina Connection

Behind the pupil is the lens that focuses incoming light rays into an image on the _______, a multi-layered tissue on the eyeball's sensitive inner surface.

Fovea Connection

Cones cluster in and around the _____, the retina's area of central focus.

Parallel Processing Example

Contrasts with the step-by-step processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving.

Cornea

Protects the eye and bends light to protect the eye and bends light to provide focus.

Parallel Processing

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's neural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision.

Opponent Process Theory

The theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision.

Lens

The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.

Cornea

Where light enters the eye.

Rods Example

_____ have no such hotline; they share bipolar cells with other rods, sending combined messages.

Cones Connection

________ cluster in and around the fovea, the retina's area of central focus. Many have their own hotline to the brain.

Pupil Example

________ expand and then contract when you shut your eyes and then open them back to the light.

Blind Spot Example

Close one eye and you won't see a black hole, however. Without seeking your approval, your brain fills in the hole.

Iris Example

A colored muscle that dilates or constricts in response to light intensity and even to inner emotions (When we're feeling amorous, our telltale dilated pupils and dark eyes subtly signal our interest).

Iris

A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil that and controls the size of the pupil opening.

Rods

Retinal process that detect black, white, and gray: necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond.

Cones

Retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or well-lit conditions.

Opponent Process Theory Example

Some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green.

Lens Connection

The ________ focuses the rays by changing its curvature in a process called accommodation.

Pupil

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.

Optic Nerve Example

The bipolar cells in turn would activate the neighboring ganglion cells, whose axons twine together like the strands of a rope to form the _______ _______.

Fovea

The central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster.

Accommodation Connection

The lens focuses the rays by changing its curvature in a process called ____________.

Retina

The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information.

Optic Nerve

The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.

Blind Spot

The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there.

Accommodation

The process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina.