Sensorimotor Stage

According to Piaget, ____________________ describe a baby's simple repetitive actions that are organized around the baby's own body. a. primary circular reactions b. tertiary circular reactions c. secondary circular reactions d. principle circular reactions

A) Primary Circular Reactions

Which of the following is an example of a tertiary circular reaction? a. A child repeatedly smiles at a caregiver to elicit a smile in return from the caregiver. b. A child repeatedly throws food on the floor, the walls, and his sister to see what will happen. c. A child repeatedly rubs the side of her face with her fist.

B) A child repeatedly throws food on the floor, the walls, and his sister to see what will happen

When a child looks for an object in the place where it was last seen and gives up if it is not there, what type of logic are they demonstrating? a. Trial-and-error logic b. The A-not-B error c. Representational logic d. The error of object permanence

B) A-not_B error

Vernon is a 14-month-old toddler. His family laughs when he waves bye-bye because he seems to be waving at himself. Piaget would attribute this twist on the bye-bye wave to which of the following ideas? a. Deferred imitation is impossible until age two or later. b. Children simply imitate what they see. c. Children learn gestures through object permanence. d. Caregiver involvement dictates the level of sensory development.

B) Children simply imitate what they see.

The Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence measures which of the following? a. Sensory and motor skills b. Habituation rates c. Cognitive and language development d. Motor skills

B) Habituation Rates

A child's understanding of the nature of objects, their properties, and how they work defines which of the following? a. Objectification b. Object concept c. Object permanence d. Object relations

B) Object Concept

Object permanence is defined as a baby's understanding that a. objects don't exist when they cannot be seen. b. objects continue to exist when they cannot be seen. c. objects belong to them.

B) Object continue to exist when they cannot be seen.

When an infant cries, the caregiver responds by picking up the child, changing a diaper, or feeding. These actions by the caregiver serve as reinforcements, increasing the likelihood that the child will again communicate certain needs by crying. This demonstrates that even an infant learns through which type of conditioning? a. Classical b. Operant c. Observational d. Modeling

B) Operant

What did research carried out by Herbert, Gross & Hayne in 2006 demonstrate regarding deferred imitation? a. That a 14 month old can defer imitation for up to a week. b. That nine-month-olds can defer their imitation for as long as 24 hours. c. That the longest that a child under 14 months of age can defer imitation is 3 - 4 hours. d. That deferred imitation doesn't happen until at least 18 months of age.

B) That nine-month-olds can defer their imitation for as long as 24 hours.

In which substage did Piaget suggest that children can first imitate the facial expressions of others? a. Three b. Four c. Two d. Five

B) four

Which of the following terms is used to describe a strategy in which researchers move an object in a way that the infant does not expect? a. Violation of experience method b. Violation-of-expectations method c. Violation of object concept method d. Violation of object permanence method

B) violation of expectation methods

Rovee-Collier demonstrated that forgotten infant memories can be retrieved by using which of the following? a. Interpretation of schemes b. Modeling c. Cues d. Word association

C) Cues

Which of the following would be considered an example of a tertiary circular reaction? a. Little Kaylene discovers that she enjoys sucking her thumb, so she does it three times again. b. Jimmy notices that when he coos his mother smiles at him, so he repeats the action to see if she will do it again. c. Little Alberta, after discovering her puppy will chase a ball she throws on the floor, tries throwing other objects to see if they produce the same result.

C) Little Alberta, after discovering her puppy will chase a ball she throws on the floor, tries throwing other objects to see if they product the same result.

Which of the following is the best description of tertiary circular reactions? a. These are the beginnings of accommodation. The child learns that objects have more than one use. b. The child learns that when an object or person disappears, it continues to exist. c. The child engages in purposeful "scientific" exploration, initially through trial-and-error processes. d. The child uses letters and pictures to represent their internal world.

C) The child engages in pruposeful "scientific" exploration, initially through trial-error processes

By what age does your text suggest that most infants develop the understanding that objects still exist even when they are out of the infant's sight? a. 4 months b. 9 months c. 3 months d. 12 months

D) 12 months

Dominic is eight months old. He sees a toy that he wants to play with, but it is out of reach. He uses the toy in his hand to drag the out-of-reach toy closer. What is Dominic demonstrating? a. Mental representation b. Reflexive behavior c. Coordination of secondary schemes d. Means-end behavior

D) Means-end behavior

According to your text, some researchers suspect that, among infants, which of the following might be a good predictor of later intelligence test scores? a. Types of object permanence b. Levels of accommodation c. Referential language d. Rates of habituation

D) Rates of habituation

Gregory is a six month old baby boy. He is learning about his environment through touching things, putting things in his mouth, and scooting around on the floor. According to Piaget, Greg is in which stage of cognitive development? a. Preoperations b. Preambulatory c. Concrete operations d. Sensorimotor

D) Sensorimotor

Permanent changes in behavior that result from experience are examples of a. conservation. b. molding. c. procession. d. learning.

D) learning

Newborn infants are able to remember auditory stimuli to which they are exposed while sleeping. True False

True