Session 5 midterm BIO 201A

The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called ___.

Dehydration synthesis

Which cells originate in the bone marrow and are important in immune function?

Dendritic cells

The structure that furnishes the axis for the rotation of the head from side to side is the ___.

Dens

The hair follicle is found in the ___.

Dermis

Which of the following does not describe a structure or function of the proteasome ?

Digests proteins down to individual amino acids so they can be recycled by the cell

Tilting the foot upward, decreasing the angle between the top of the foot and the anterior portion of the leg, is called ___.

Dorsiflexion

The olecranon bursa is associated with which joint?

Elbow

A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n) ___.

Electron

The darkest of the skin pigments is ___.

Eumelanin

The mandible forms the only movable joint in the skull with the ___.

Temporal bone

An example of a pivot joint is the ___.

The atlas articulating with the axis.

Which of the following is not true about thick or thin skin?

Thin skin is hairless

Which of the following is not made of elastic cartilage?

Tip of the nose

A saturated fat is saturated with hydrogen atoms.

True

Adipose tissue contains a predominantly fat cells.

True

Allosteric effectors activate or inactivate enzymes by changing the shape of the enzyme's active site.

True

Although calcitonin does play a role in the homeostasis of blood calcium levels, it is far less important that parathyroid hormone.

True

Closing ones mouth would be an example of the movement of elevation.

True

Eversion turns the sole of the outward.

True

Glycolysis does require oxygen and is therefore termed anaerobic.

True

One function of carbon dioxide is to help maintain proper pH balance in the body.

True

One function of cartilage is to act as a shock-absoring pad between bones.

True

Proteins can be divided into functional proteins and structural proteins.

True

Sugars and starches a both considered to be carbohydrates.

True

The gliding movement is the simplest of all movements.

True

The papillary layer of the dermis lies just below the dermal-epidermal junction.

True

The region between the epiphyses and the diaphysis in a mature bone is called the metaphysis.

True

The skin is the largest and thinnest organ.

True

The watery fluid in the cell is called cytosol.

True

All vertebrae except the sacrum and coccyx have a central opening called the ___.

Vertebral foramen

Unsaturated fats ___.

Will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms.

In intramembranous ossification, the process of appositional growth refers to the ___.

addition of an outside layer of osseous tissue on flat bones.

Popliteal refers to the:

area behind the knee.

The basic building blocks of fats are ___.

fatty acids and glycerol

The body's thermostat is located in the:

hypothalamus

What are the most movable joints in the body?

synovial

Both temperature and pH can affect the allosteric site of an enzyme.

true

Facilitated diffusion is a metabolically inexpensive process.

false

The opposite of dorsiflexion is ___.

plantar flexion

A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25 and a +2 charge. This atom would contain ___ protons, ___ neutrons, and ___ electrons.

12; 13; 10

How many main tissue types are found in the human body?

4

Compression of the nucleus pulposus will result in what?

A "slipped disk"

Homeostasis can best be described as:

A state of relative constancy.

Microvilli assist epithelial tissue in ___.

Absorbing nutrients

Which is considered an immovable joint?

All of the above are immovable.

Which factor can have an effect on the functioning of an enzyme.

All of the above can affect the functioning of an enzyme.

Gated channels in the cell membrane can be opened by ___.

All the above are correct.

Which of the following is true of anabolic pathways?

Both B and C are true.

Smooth muscles that produce goose bumps when they contract are the ___ muscles.

Arrector pili

Between the manubrium and the xiphoid process is the ___.

Body of the sternum

How can epithelial tissue be described?

Both A and C are correct.

Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an example of:

Both A and C are correct.

Which structure is defined as a closed, pillowlike structure that consists of a synovial membrane filled with synovial fluid?

Bursae

How can the regeneration time required for completion of mitosis, differentiation, and movement of new keratinocytes from the stratum basale to the surface of the epidermis be accelerated?

By abrasion of the most superficial layer of the skin.

The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made up of ___ with ___ being the dominant component

Carbohydrate and protein; protein

The fundamental unit of life is the ___.

Cell

The type of movement that occurs when the head is dropped to the shoulder, then to the chest, to the other shoulder, and toward the back is called ___.

Circumduction.

The most widespread and abundant tissue in the body is ___?

Connective

The hypodermis ___.

Connects dermis to the underlying tissues.

A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is:

Coronal

Which of the following is not made of hyaline cartilage?

External ear

A major part of ribosomes is deoxyribonucleic acid.

False

A person how is shivering would normally have dilated surface blood vessels in the skin.

False

A solution of pH of 8 has 20 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 10.

False

Adenine and thymine are referred to as purine bases, which are important constituents of a DNA molecule.

False

An abnormally thick region of the stratum basale is called a callus.

False

An enzyme eliminates the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur.

False

An inorganic substance, such as an ion, is called a coenzyme when it is part of an enzyme.

False

Anatomy is the study of the functions of an organism.

False

Because bone is connective tissue, a fractured bone will never heal and be as strong as before the fracture.

False

Because of the phospholipid cell membrane, water cannot diffuse into or out of a cell.

False

Because of the stripes visible under the microscope, smooth muscle is called striated muscle.

False

Cartilage is abundantly vascular.

False

Due to continuous stress on the bone, athletes and dancers tend to have less dense bones than do more sedentary people.

False

Endocrine glands can be classified by the shape and complexity of their ducts.

False

If a blood cell described in this chapter is very similar to most of the cells in the human body.

False

Light-skinned people have fewer melanocytes in their skin than do dark-skinned people.

False

Most of the body is covered by protective thick skin.

False

Osteoblasts secrete inorganic salts that make up the structure of the bone.

False

Superficial and inferior are opposite directional terms in humans.

False

The apical portion of an organ refers to the apex or widest part of that organ.

False

The body contains more spongy bone that it does compact bone.

False

The fluid mosaic model describes the chromatin material found in the nucleus.

False

The gallbladder resides in the left lower quadrant.

False

The main function of the ribosome is to provide energy to the cell.

False

The maxilla is the largest and strongest bone of the face.

False

The nucleus is the only structure in the cell that contains DNA.

False

Although bones are the main organs of the skeletal system, the system also includes ligaments and tendons.

False.

The pads of fibrocartilage located between the articulating ends of bones in some diarthroses are called ___.

Meinisci

The largest human cell is a ___.

Female sex cell or ovum

The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of ___.

Filtration

Which bone marking can be defined as a depression in a bone and often receives an articulating bone?

Fossa

A frontal section divides the body into ___ portions.

Front and back.

The most important simple sugar is ___.

Glucose

Which of the following is not a characteristic of smooth muscle?

Having intercalated disks.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of skeletal muscle?

Having one nucleus per cell

Which the knee joint is an example of a ___ joint.

Hinge

Which of the following is not one of the primary functions performed by bones?

Hormonal production

The most abundant type of cartilage is ___.

Hyaline

Digestive enzymes belong to which group?

Hydrolases

The force of a fluid pushing against a surface could be described as ___ pressure.

Hydrostatic.

The primary ossification center of a long bone is located ___.

In the diaphysis

Which of the following represents a trace element in the body?

Iron

Which of the following is not true of the dermal-epidermal junction?

It is important in blocking bacteria from passing through the skin.

Which of the following is not true of the hypodermis?

It is the deepest part of the skin.

Which structure is defined as a sleevelike extension of the periosteum?

Joint capsule

The small spaces in the matrix that contain the bone cells are called ___.

Lacunae

The concentric, cylinder-shaped layers of calcified bone matrix are called ___.

Lamellae

A list of all cell fibers from largest to smallest would read ___.

Microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments

A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read ___.

Microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments.

An example of an element would be ___.

Ne

Cells found only in cartilage include ___.

Only condrocytes

Stretching the foot down and back, pointing the toe is called ___.

Plantar flexion

The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of ___ feedback.

Positive

Vertebral bodies are connected together by the ___.

Posterior longitudinal ligament.

The condition of the "housemaid's knee" is an inflammation of the ___.

Prepatellar bursa

Which of the following is a functional characteristic of ribosomes?

Protein synthesis

The major function of ribosomes is to synthesize ___.

Proteins

Which bone marking can be defined as a curved portion of the bone?

Ramus

Hematpoiesis is carried out in the ___.

Red bone marrow.

Which of the following is not a function of the skin?

Synthesis of vitamin E

Which of the following organelles is considered a nonmembranous organelle?

Ribosome

An x-ray technician has been asked to make radiographs of the liver. Which of the abdominopelvic regions must be included?

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac

The type of movement possible at a synovial joint depends on the ___.

Shape of the articulating surfaces of the bones.

Microvilli are found on which types of cells lining the intestine?

Simple columnar epithelium

Sutures can be found in the ____.

Skull only

The octet rule refers to the ___.

Stability of the atom when there are 8 electrons in the outermost energy

Which of the following would be identified as skin covering a human hand?

Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelium

Which type of joint joints the two pubic bones together?

Symphysis

Which types of joint joins the two pubic bones together?

Symphysis