Sickle Disease unit quiz

What is the name of the enzyme that fits new complementary DNA nucleotides into the new strand?

DNA polymerase

Sickle-cell disease results in misshapen red blood cells. What impact does this have on their ability to carry oxygen in the bloodstream.

It reduces their ability to carry oxygen, resulting in anemia.

Which of the following most accurately describes how sickle-cell disease impacts the body?

Red blood cells clump up, blocking capillaries within the alveoli, resulting in acute chest syndrome, marked by pain, fever, and shortness of breath.

Duplicated chromosomes result in two sister chromatids that are held together by a centromere. Which of the following statements best describes the location of genes along these sister chromatids?

Sister chromatids have identical alleles that are located in the same place along each sister chromatid

The pedigree shown displays the inheritance of a recessive genetic disease. On the right side of the pedigree, the offspring in the third generation have one parent whose genotype is unknown. How do we know the genotype of one of these offspring, but not the other two?

The individual has two children in the fourth generation that are homozygous recessive. The children must have received a recessive allele from their father.

During gene therapy, bone marrow stem cells are removed from the individual. What must happen to those cells before they are injected back into the individual?

Viruses act as vectors to carry the normal gene into the genome of the stem cells.

Variations in genes are called _____. Examples of these variations include eye color. There are blue eyes, green eyes, brown eyes, and several combinations of these.

alleles

Meiosis is different from mitosis in that meiosis__________

results in four haploid daughter cells that are genetically diverse, whereas mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical.

During translation, a polypeptide chain is created using a RNA template. Which of the following components is responsible for bringing amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain?

tRNA

Mendel crossed pea plants dominant for two different traits (tall and green pods) with pea plants recessive for those same two traits (short and yellow pods). This cross resulted in pea plants that had combinations of all four traits (tall with green pods, tall with yellow pods, short with green pods, and short with yellow pods). Which law of inheritance best describes why this happens?

the law of independent assortment