Skeletal System
D. Time
Besides alignment and immobilization of a fracture, what else is needed for optimal healing to occur? A. Fixation B. Reductoin C.Setting D. Time
D. Thoracolumbar
Besides in the neck region, intervertebral disk disease is usually seen in the __ region. A. Costochondral B. Lumbosacral C. Sacroiliac D. Thoracolumbar
C. Fossa
A depressed or sunken area on the surface of a bone is called a/an A. Articulation. B. Facet. C. Fossa. D. Head.
C. Hinge
A ginglymus joint is also known as a __ joint. A. Ball and socket B. Gliding C. Hinge D. Pivot
D. Rheumatoid Arthritis
An autoimmune disease in which joints become inflamed bilaterally and ROM is greatly reduced: A. Bursitis B. Gout C. Osteoarthritis D. Rheumatoid Arthritis
A. Calcium
Bones act as a storage site for primarily which mineral? A. Calcium B. Chloride C. Potassium D. Sodium
C. Osteoclast
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process? A. Osteoblast B. Osteocyte C. Osteoclast D. Stem cell
B. At the ventral end of a rib
Costal cartilage is found A. At the dorsal end of a rib. B. At the ventral end of a rib. C. On the caudal surface of a rib. D. On the cranial surface of a rib.
B. Cartilage
Endochondral bone formation takes place in a fetus over a __ template that is eventually replaced by bone. A. Adipose tissue B. Cartilage C. Fibrous connective tissue D. Membrane
B. Growth hormone
Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood? A. Prolactin B. Growth hormone C. Somatomedins D. Thyroid hormone
C. Extension and flexion
Hinge joints are capable of only two movements. They are A. Abduction and adduction. B. Adduction and extension. C. Extension and flexion. D. Flexion and abduction.
D. By pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ________. A. From the edges inward B. In a circular fashion C. By pulling the diaphysis toward the epiphysis D. By pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
C. Extension
Increasing the angle between two bones results in A. Abduction. B. Circumduction. C. Extension. D. Rotation.
C. Nutrient foramina
Large blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves enter large long bones through channels called A. Canaliculi. B. Haversian canals. C. Nutrient foramina. D. Volkmann's canals.
C. Vestigial metacarpal bones
Splint bones in horses are A. Vestigial carpal bones. B. Vestigial distal sesamoid bones. C. Vestigial metacarpal bones. D. Vestigial proximal sesamoid bones.
Trabeculae
Spongy bones are made up of a framework of tiny beams called ________.
D. A group of eight short bone united by ligaments
The "true wrist" or carpus consists of ________. A. The metacarpals B. The styloid processes of the radius and ulna C. The phalanges D. A group of eight short bones united by ligaments
A. Callus
The __ of a fracture is the healing tissue felt as a lump at the site of a fracture. A. Callus B. Clot C. Fracture hematoma D. Remodeling
The radius and the ulna
The antebrachium is composed of which of the following two bones?
A. Osteoblasts
The cells that secrete the matrix of a bone are the A. Osteoblasts. B. Osteoclasts. C. Osteocytes. D. Osteodentin.
B. At the ventral end of the bony part of a rib
The costochondral junction is found A. At the dorsal end of the bony part of a rib. B. At the ventral end of the bony part of a rib. C. Where the rib joins the sternum. D. Where the rib joins the vertebral column.
B. False
The dens of the atlas articulates with the axis. A. True B. False
C. Long shaft
The diaphysis is the __ of a long bone. A. Distal end B. Growth plate C. Long shaft D. Proximal end
B. Metacarpal and proximal phalanx
The fetlock joint in horses is located between the __ and __ bones. A. Distal phalanx and distal sesamoid B. Metacarpal and proximal phalanx C. Proximal phalanx and distal phalanx D. Proximal sesamoid and metacarpal
B. Occipital
The foramen magnum is located in the __ bone. A. Interparietal B. Occipital C. Sphenoid D. Temporal
D. Tarsal bones
The hock is made up of A. Carpal bones. B. Digits. C. Phalanges. D. Tarsal bones.
A. Calcium and phosphate
The hydroxyapatite crystals that infiltrate the matrix as a bone hardens are made up of A. Calcium and phosphate. B. Phosphate and potassium. C. Potassium and sodium. D. Sodium and calcium.
A. True
The ischium articulates with both the ilium and the pubis. A. True B. False
A. Cartilaginous
The joints found between the vertebrae of the spinal column are classified as __ joints A. Cartilaginous B. Fibrous C. Fused D. Synovial
D. Patella
The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the A. Hyoid bone. B. Incus. C. Navicular bone. D. Patella.
C. Extension and Flexion
The main movements possible in a gliding joint in four-legged animals are A. Abduction and adduction. B. Adduction and extension. C. Extension and flexion. D. Flexion and abduction.
C. Occipital bone
The most caudal external bone of the cranium is the A. Frontal bone. B. Interparietal bone. C. Occipital bone. D. Temporal bone.
B. Compact Bone
The outside layer of all bones is made up of A. Cancellous bone. B. Compact bone. C. Osteoblasts. D. Osteoclasts.
D. Appositional growth
The process of bones increasing in width is known as ________. A. Long bones reaching adult length and width B. Concentric growth C. Closing of the epiphyseal plate D. Appositional growth
A. Absorbs shock
What is the major function of the intervertebral discs? A. Absorb shock B. String the vertebrae together C. Prevent hyperextension D. Prevent hyperextension of the spine
C. Occipital
The skull bone that the foramen magnum passes through is the ________. A. Atlas B. Axis C. Occipital D. Parietal
D. Lacunae
The small spaces in compact bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live are called ________. A. Haversian canals B. Volkmann's canals C. Trabeculae D. Lacunae
B. Gaps between cranial bones in a fetus or neonate
What are fontanales? A. Structural component of spongy bone B. Gaps between cranial bones in a fetus or neonate C. Structural component of compact bone D. Nutrient sinuses in healing bone
A. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
What are the two calcitropic hormones involved calcium homeostasis? A. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone B. Glucagon and calcitonin C. Parathyroid hormone and thyroid hormone D. Thyroid hormone and glucagon
A. Hyaline cartilage
What kind of tissue is the precursor of long bones in the embryo? A. Hyaline cartilage B. Fibrocartilage C. Dense fibrous connective tissue D. Elastic connective tissue
B. Ilium
What part of the pelvis can be seen as the point of the hip in cattle? A. Femur B. Ilium C. Ischium D. Sacrum
Dens
What structure is the "missing" body of the second cervical vertebrae?.
A. Hyoid bone
Which bone acts as a moveable base for the tongue? A. Hyoid bone B. Mandible C. Zygomatic bone D. Palatine
A. Humerus
Which bone contains areas of diaphysis and epiphysis areas, a tuberosity near its middle, and is proportionally more compact than spongy bone? A. Humerus B. Parietal bone C. Cervical vertebra D. Talus
A. Zygomatic bone
Which bone forms the prominence of the cheek? A. Zygomatic bone B. Sphenoid bone C. Palatine bone D. Temporal bone
Sphenoid
Which bone is considered to be the keystone of the cranium?
C. Radius
Which bone is found in the antebrachium? A. Femur B. Humerus C. Radius D. Tibia
A. Ethmoid
Which bone of the cranium houses the pituitary gland? A. Ethmoid B. Frontal C. Occipital D. Sphenoid
D. Temporal bones
Which external bones of the cranium form the lateral walls of the cranium? A. Incisive bones B. Interparietal bones C. Maxillary bones D. Temporal bones
A. Mandible
Which face bone forms the lower jaw? A. Mandible B. Maxillary C. Temporal D. Zygomatic
B. Palatine
Which facial bone forms the caudal portion of the hard palate? A. Ethmoid B. Palatine C. Pterygoid d. Sphenoid
Parathyroid hormone
Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream? A. Parathyroid hormone B. Calcitonin C. Estrogen D. Thyroxine
A. Ischium B. Ilium D. Pubis
Which of the following bones make up the hip? (Mark all that apply). A. Ischium B. Ilium C. Femur D. Pubis E. Sacrum
B. Storage of potassium
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? A. Storage of calcium B. Storage of potassium C. Support D. Protection of fragile body organs E. Production of blood cells (hematopoiesis).
A. Perpendicular plate
Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum? A. Perpendicular plate B. Cribriform plate C. Orbital plate D. Crista galli
B. The lumbar region
Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body? A. The cervical region B. The lumbar region C. The sacral promontory D. The sacrum
C. Lateral malleolus
Which portion of the fibula articulates with the talus? A. Head B. Calcaneus C. Lateral malleolus D. Medial malleolus
A. C1
Which vertebra has no vertebral body, but is made up of only a bony ring with two transverse processes sticking out laterally? A. C1 B. C2 C. T11 D. T12