Skeletal system - Connective Tissues and Joints

types of synovial joints

Plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket

fibrous joints

-no movement, therefore very stable -held together by fibers -examples include bones of the skull

cartilage joints

-slight movement occurs, therefore slightly less stable than fibrous joints -bones held together by cartilage (therefore a bit farther apart than the bones in fibrous joints)

synovial joints

-specialized for movement -typically found at the end of long bones -more complex with distinct features

Key features of synovial joints

Articular capsule- Strong tissue that envelops the joint. The capsule blends into the periosteum and gives the joint stability. It also stops unwanted material from getting into the joint area. Articular cartilage- smooth cartilage at the end of long bones that reduces friction between the bones by reducing shock and enabling them to smoothly glide over each other. It also helps to protect them. Synovial membrane- lines the inside of the capsule and secretes synovial fluid. Synovial fluid- fluid inside the capsule that lubricates the articular surfaces, forming a cushion. It also provides nutrients for the cartilage, absorbs any debris. Bursae- sacs of synovial fluid that are located in areas where there is a lot of friction. Meniscus- crescent-shaped pad of cartilage that provides cushioning to prevent rubbing. Ligaments- connects the bones of a joint to provide stability.

tendon tissue

Attaches skeletal muscle to bones, to allow movement, aids in stability for synovial joints.

cartilage tissue

Connects bone to bone and helps reduce friction and absorb shock. This bendable, flexible material is found between bones, at the end of your nose, trachea, and ears.

ligament tissues

Connects bone-to-bone and provides stability to synovial joints (prevents dislocations).