Skinner's Box, operant conditioning
Describe Skinner's Box
-Designed box and contained a lever for an animal (rat/pigeon) to press for food -Also had a speaker/light that could be used to trigger a behaviour and a shock generator to deliver electric shock in response to behaviour
Negative reinforcement
-Removing something nasty/uncomfortable in response to desired behaviour. -Results in behaviour being repeated, in order to escape nasty stimulus! EG, give rat a electric shock until lever is pressed. Rat presses lever again to ensure it avoids in future
BOTH types of reinforcement produce...
Repeated behaviour! BUT fears are typically acquired through classical conditioning. Maintained through negative reinforcement
Primary reinforcers
Used to satisfy a basic survival need e.g. food/sex/water
PUNISHMENT
weakens behaviour by presenting something unpleasant/painful whenever behaviour shown
Explain the ABC model
ANTECEDENT: Chamber could present stimulus (lights noises) that triggers behaviour BEHAVIOUR: Response that could be observed and measured as a result of the antecedent (lever pressing) CONSEQUENCE: Reward for punishment followed by behaviour (food/shock)
Positive reinforcement
Giving something pleasurable to animal following a desired behaviour, to make sure behaviour is repeated, e.g. giving food when rat pressed lever. Consequence of lever pressing is desirable, so will be repeated to gain more food!!!
When is the stimulus-response association learnt/repeated?
If consequence of pairing is positive one. -Negative consequence would weaken the stimulus-response link
Secondary reinforcers
Only fulfilling because associated w/t primary reinforcer e.g. money used to buy food!
BF Skinner developed theory of...
Operant Conditioning and recorded behaviour of animals in response to different consequences.