Sleep

What physiological change happens when a patient is asleep? Increased heart rate Increased cell division Increased basal metabolic rate Increased muscular contractions

Increased basal metabolic rate

For what does an electromyogram (EMG) monitor in a patient diagnosed with a sleep disorder? Muscle tone Eye movements Electrical activity of the heart Electrical activity in the cerebral cortex

Muscle tone

A patient has narcolepsy. The nurse finds that the patient's drowsiness has increased. What advice does the nurse offer the patient to decrease drowsiness? Select all that apply. "Avoid eating heavy meals." "Avoid long-distance driving." "Avoid the consumption of alcohol." "Avoid eating a protein-rich diet." "Avoid chewing gum."

"Avoid eating heavy meals." "Avoid long-distance driving." "Avoid the consumption of alcohol."

What should a nurse teach a patient about the use of benzodiazepine to treat sleep problems? Select all that apply. "Benzodiazepines can be safely used by older patients." "Benzodiazepines are contraindicated in nursing mothers." "Benzodiazepines can be safely used by pregnant women." "Benzodiazepines are contraindicated in infants younger than 6 months old." "Benzodiazepines are taken in a larger dose initially and the dose is gradually decreased."

"Benzodiazepines are contraindicated in nursing mothers." "Benzodiazepines are contraindicated in infants younger than 6 months old."

A nursing instructor asks a nursing student about the pharmacological approaches for treating sleep disturbances. Which statement by the student indicates a need of further teaching? "Melatonin controls circadian rhythms and promotes sleep." "The drug ramelteon works by improving circadian rhythms." "Valerian is an herbal product that can be used to treat mild insomnia." "Melatonin should be taken in a dose between 0.3 to 1 mg 1 hour before bedtime."

"Melatonin should be taken in a dose between 0.3 to 1 mg 1 hour before bedtime." Melatonin should be taken in a dose between 0.3 and 1 mg 2 hours (not 1 hour) before bedtime. Melatonin controls circadian rhythms and promotes sleep. Ramelteon works by improving a patient's circadian rhythm. Valerian is an herbal product that is effective in treating mild insomnia.

A patient questions the nurse about narcolepsy. Which response by the nurse is accurate? "Narcolepsy is a dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate sleep and wake states." "Narcolepsy is a disorder characterized by the lack of airflow through the nose and mouth." "Narcolepsy is a symptom that patients experience when they have chronic difficulty falling asleep." "Narcolepsy involves sudden muscle weakness during intense emotions such as anger, sadness, or laughter."

"Narcolepsy is a dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate sleep and wake states."

In a patient with narcolepsy, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs within how many minutes of falling asleep? Record your answer using a whole number. _________ minutes

15 minutes

What drug is used to increase a patient's total sleep time? Nicotine Stimulants Antidepressants Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines

The nurse has a sleep disorder due to working rotating shifts. Which physiological symptoms are observed in the nurse? Select all that apply. Correct1 Blurred vision 2 Increased reflexes Correct3 Decreased judgment Correct4 Slowed response time Increased visual alertness

Blurred vision decreased judgment slowed response time

What is the similarity between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA)? Both cause loud snoring. Both decrease the oxygen saturation level. Both cease the movement of the chest wall. Both occur when muscles of the throat relax.

Both decrease the oxygen saturation level.

Many kinds of noise are generated during the delivery of health care in a variety of settings. What may be the effects of these noises on the patient? Select all that apply. Delayed healing Increased agitation Decreased heart rate Lowered blood pressure Impaired immune function

Delayed healing Increased agitation Impaired immune function

The nurse is gathering a sleep history from a patient who is being evaluated for obstructive sleep apnea. Which common symptoms does the patient most likely report? Select all that apply. Headache Early wakening Excessive daytime sleepiness Difficulty falling asleep Snoring

Headache Excessive daytime sleepiness Snoring

A nurse teaches a patient about light sleep. Which statement if made by the patient indicates a need for further learning? "It is very easy to wake up during light sleep." "Light sleep is also called slow-wave sleep." "Shifts to light sleep tend to occur suddenly." "The time spent in light sleep increases with age."

Light sleep is also called slow-wave sleep

The nurse is explaining the physiology of sleep to the student nurses. What information should the nurse include? Select all that apply. Prostaglandin D2 controls sleep. The release of serotonin from the bulbar synchronizing region prevents sleep. Major sleep center is located in the hypothalamus. The ascending reticular activating system (RAS) maintains wakefulness. Hypocretins promote nonrapid eye movement sleep.

Prostaglandin D2 controls sleep. Major sleep center is located in the hypothalamus. The ascending reticular activating system (RAS) maintains wakefulness.

A patient is overweight and is a chronic smoker with type II diabetes. The patient is suffering from obstructive sleep apnea that is affecting his marital relationship. What nursing actions should the nurse perform to help the patient manage sleep apnea? Select all that apply. Refer the patient to a marriage counselor. Provide the patient with emotional support. Instruct the patient to avoid coffee before bedtime. Encourage the patient to lose weight and quit smoking. Advise the patient to create an environment conducive to sleep before bedtime.

Provide the patient with emotional support. Encourage the patient to lose weight and quit smoking.

Which drug is safe for both short-term and long-term use in older adults? Oxazepam (Serax) Lorazepam (Ativan) Ramelteon (Rozerem) Terbutaline (Bricanyl)

Ramelteon (Rozerem) Ramelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist that is safe for long- and short-term use, particularly in older adults. Oxazepam and lorazepam are short-acting benzodiazepines that should be used in the lowest possible dose for the short-term treatment of insomnia. Terbutaline is a central nervous system stimulant that should only be used under medical supervision.

The nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about the stages of sleep. Which event does the nurse discuss while explaining rapid eye movement (REM) sleep? Bedwetting Daydreaming Sleepwalking Skeletal muscle paralysis

Skeletal muscle paralysis REM sleep is a stage that usually begins about 90 minutes after sleep has begun. Events that occur during this stage of sleep include the loss of skeletal muscle tone or skeletal muscle paralysis. Bedwetting, or enuresis, may occur during stage 4 of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. In stage 1 of NREM sleep, upon awakening the patient may feel as though daydreaming has occurred. Sleepwalking occurs during stage 4 of NREM sleep.

The nurse works on a medical-surgical unit. Which patients require further assessment to determine the risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea? Select all that apply. The patient with arthritis The patient with anemia The patient with hypertension The patient who is a chronic smoker The patient who has type II diabetes

The patient with hypertension The patient who is a chronic smoker The patient who has type II diabetes

How is stage 1 of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep similar to stage 2 of NREM sleep? Both stages last for 10 to 20 minutes. Both stages include a light level of sleep. The muscles are completely relaxed in both stages The sleeper can be easily awakened in both stages.

The sleeper can be easily awakened in both stages.