SLHS 227 Midterm

Consider the following data from another language and answer the question: What is the morpheme meaning plural? Lisu - schools sun - the school lisun - the schools lioba - they go lobar - they went

'li'

What is the structure for the word untruthful?

A = Af + A(N+F)

Which of the following diagrams correctly represents the word "unbelievable"?

Adj stem ^ prefix adj. stem (un) ^ root V suffix (believe) (able)

Identify the category of the underlined word in the sentence: "It was a dark and stormy night, its green clarity diluted by my roommate who, as usual, was making CUTTING remarks as she drank my scotch."

Adjective

Identify the lexical category of the root of the word "kindness"

Adjective

Identify the following pair of antonyms: innocent/guilty

Complementary

True or False: Inflectional morphemes are bound morphemes that change a word stem into a different part of speech (lexical category).

False

True or False: Steal (rob) and Steel (metal) are examples of polysemy.

False

What type of relation is represented by the words: sofa/furniture?

Hyponymy

Identify the thematic role of the bolded NP: "She squashed the bug with THE MAGAZINE."

Instrument

Which process did the meaning of the bolded word in this context undergo?: "How much land does THE CROWN own in Scotland? (about British monarchy)

Metonymy

Determine the syntactic category for the constituent "the roots of education" in a sentence: The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet."

Noun phrase

Identify the lexical categories making up the compound word "overweight"

P+N

What tree structure represents the following sentence: "The student wrote a letter to her professor."

S ^ NP + VP ^ ^ Det +N V' + PP N' ^ ^ V NP P NP ^ ^ Det N Det N

Morphology studies...

The structure of words and how new lexical items are created

What is the primary function of the larynx in speech production?

The vibrating vocal folds in it allow production of voiced phonemes

Find an embedded sentence in the following sentence: "The students wonder if they are going to get an A for the test."

They are going to get an A for the test

True or False: All languages (like ASL) are visual-gestural systems that are as fully developed and as structurally complex as spoken languages.

True

True or False: The structure of a prepositional phrase in English can be represented in the phrase structure rule: PP --> P NP

True

True or false: 'Prettier' is composed to two morphemes - "pretty" and "er"

True

True or false: Circumfix is a bound morpheme, parts of which occur before and after the root.

True

True or False: Function words in the sentence "When he arrived, the old man had an umbrella and his books" are 'when', 'he', 'an', 'and', 'his'.

True (note: function words are also called CLOSED CLASS)

Alveolar Ridge

What is the name of the questioned area?

Identify the process responsible for the formation of the word RAM (e.g. 1Gb RAM)

acronym

Identify the category of the bolded word in the sentence: "I MAY disagree with what you have to say, but I shall defend, to the death, your right to say it."

auxiliary

Classified ad: "Wanted. Man to take care of cow that does not smoke or drink." a) The sentence contains semantic ambiguity b) The sentence contains structural ambiguity c) The sentence contains pragmatic ambiguity d) The sentence contains veterinarian ambiguity e) The sentence is not ambiguous

b) The sentence contains structural ambiguity

Which of the following is NOT true? a) A morpheme may be represented by a single sound b) The -er in "finger" and "singer" is the same morpheme c) A morpheme may also be a word, but not all morphemes are words d) Every word contains at least one morpheme e) All of the above are true

b) the -er in finger and singer is the same morpheme

A morpheme that must be attached to another is called a(n)...

bound morpheme

The morpheme 'cur' in "recur" "occur" and "incur" is...

bound, lexical

Which of the following statements is incorrect? a) "-s" (e.g. boys) is an inflectional suffix b) "-ly" (e.g. firmly) is a derivational suffix c) "re-" (e.g. recreate) is a derivational suffix d) "-al" (e.g. refusal) is a derivational suffix e) All of the above are correct

c) "re-" (e.g. recreate) is a derivational suffix

Which of the following statements is true about the Chontal language data given below? cece - squirrel, celce - squirrels tuwa - foreigner, tulwa - foreigners lipo - possum, lilpo - possums a) the plural morpheme is a suffix b) these examples illustrate a derivational process c) the plural morpheme is an infix d) the plural morpheme is a prefix e) the plural is formed by reduplication

c) The plural morpheme is an infix

Which sentence is represented on this structure tree? S ^ NP + VP ^ ^ determiner + NP VP + PP ^ ^ ^ Adj+N Aux+V P+NP ^ Det+N a) The students read a book on Shakespeare b) A pretty girl smiled at me c) The white horse is running in the field d) The bear went over the mountain e) Mary gave John a love child

c) The white horse is running in the field

In which of the following examples should the 'a' be treated as a bound morpheme? a) a boy b) apple c) atypical d) AWOL e) 'a' is always a free morpheme

c) atypical

Which of the following verbs is intransitive? a) sing b) watch c) panic d) imagine e) write

c) panic

Which word formation process contributed to the creation of the word "headhunter"

compounding and derivational affixation

Identify the process responsible for the formation of the work (to) 'chair'. Context: "Someone has to chair the meeting"

conversion

Consider the phrase "never talks to his friends" and find the best description of it in syntactic terms a) NP contains a specifier, the head noun, and a complement PP b) NP contains the head noun and a complement PP c) AP contains a specifier, the head adj, and a complement PP d) VP contains a specifier, the head verb, and a complement PP e) VP contains a specifier, the head verb, and a complement NP

d) VP contains a specifier, the head verb, and a complement PP

Which of the following is a complex word? a) brain b) normal c) sweet d) aboard e) editor

d) aboard

Which of the following is an example of blend? a) highway b) wrap-rage c) impersonate d) infomercial e) NASA

d) infomercial

Identify the process which was used to build the word 'keepers'. Context sentence: "The keepers locked up for the night"

derivation, inflection

What is the name for the rules of grammar brought about by attempts to legislate what speakers' grammatical rules should be, rather than what they are?

descriptive grammar

What is the questioned phoneme on the table? (A palatal affricate)

dʒ

What is the best definition of the morphological process of backformation? a) a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables b) a process of creating a word from non-morphemic parts of two already existing items c) a process that creates a new word by taking the initial letters in a phrase or title d) a process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntactic category e) A process that creates a new word by removing a real or supposed affix from another word in the language

e) A process that creates a new word by removing a real or supposed affix from another word in the language

True or False: the IPA transcription of the word "chance" is [chæns]

false (note: should be ʧæns)

when linguists refer to unconscious knowledge of the system of grammatical rules in a language, they call it:

linguistic competence

What process provides grammatical information in the pair 'go/went'

suppletion

tiʧəɹ

teacher

How are voiceless sounds produced?

vocal chords are apart during airflow, the air flows freely through the glottis

Which of the following is the full articulatory description to the consonant represented by the symbol [ð]?

voiced, interdental, fricative

Which sound is interdental and voiceless?

Θ