Smart Book: Chapter 1
The suffix ____ means "the study of".
-logy ology
Identify the functions of the meninges.
Anchoring spinal cord to vertebral column Protecting nervous tissue
Identify the subdivisions of the trunk.
Thoracic region Abdominal region
Identify the areas included in the upper limb.
Brachial, Carpal, Manual
Identify the imaging technique that uses low-intensity X-rays to produce an image of a thin slice of the body.
CT scan
Identify the methods of study that would be categorized as radiologic methods.
CT, MRI, x-rays
Label body systems
Digestive system Integumentary system Endocrine system Muscular system Lymphatic system
_____ is farther from the trunk or origin of a structure.
Distal
Focuses on the first eight weeks of development following fertilization of an egg.
Embryology
Identify the information conveyed by the anatomical terminology of body orientation.
Where one structure is relative to another The direction of travel for a nerve or blood vessel
The practice of diagnosing by opening a body is known as ____ surgery
Exploratory
Identify the statements that describe a person in anatomical position.
Feet flat on the floor Standing upright Palms directed forward
Identify the "ancient masters" in the study of anatomy.
Galen, Aristotle, Avicenna
The arrow in the picture of a sagittal view of the abdomen is indicating which specific portion of the peritoneum?
Greater omentum
What is the branch of medicine that deals with the study of tissues in diseases?
Histopathology
The common structures learned in anatomy texts are valid for about 70% or more of the human population.
Identify which statement best describes variation in human structure.
Observing the condition of skin and nails by sight is an example of which method of study?
Inspection
About 90% of the current medical terms are formed from ______ and ______ roots.
Latin greek
axial muscles
Location: Axial skeleton Description: Muscles with origin and insertion on axial skeleton Axial muscles include intrinsic back muscles, muscles of head and neck, primary respiratory muscles, and muscles of pharynx, abdominal wall, and pelvic floor
appendicular muscles
Location: Back, thorax, and upper limb Posterior abdominal wall, gluteal region, and lower limb Description: Upper limb: muscles that move scapula, glenohumeral and elbow joints, the sternoclavicular, and joints of the hand Lower limb: muscles that move hip, knee, ankle, and foot Function: Movement of pectoral girdle and upper limb Movement of pelvic girdle and lower limb
A strong electromagnet is used in which imaging technique?
MRI
Identify the imagining technique that would be recommended for the best visualization of soft tissues.
MRI
____ is towards the midline of the body.
Medial
The arrow in the picture of body cavities is indicating which specific region?
Mediastinum
Identify the human organ systems classified in internal communication and integration.
Nervous Endocrine
Examining the body by touch describes which method of study?
Palpation
The serous membrane around the heart is called the ______.
Pericardium
The abdominal region can be divided into segments. Which scheme uses two perpendicular lines to divide the abdomen?
Quadrants
Dental X-rays and mammograms are examples of which imaging technique?
Radiography
Label the directional terms based on the arrows.
Right to left: 1. Medial: Toward the median plane 2. Lateral: Away from the median plane 3. Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment or origin 4. Distal: Farther from the point of attachment or origin
The imaging technique used most frequently in obstetrics to visualize fetal movements?
Sonography
organ system
a group of organs with a unique collective function, such as circulation, respiration, or digestion.
An organelle is best described as ______.
a microscopic structure in a cell that carries out individual functions
Match the layers of the peritoneum with the correct letter.
a parietal peritoneum b visceral peritoneum c peritoneal cavity
The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into the ____ and _______
abdominal pelvic
What is the major function of the highlighted organ?
absorption
What is the collective name of the highlighted organs?
accessory digestive organs
Identify the organs that are located in a retroperitoneal position.
adrenal glands kidneys
greater omentum
an example of anterior mesentery that hangs like an apron from the inferolateral margin of the stomach and overlies the intestines -stomach and transverse colon
lesser omentum
an example of anterior mesentery that is smaller but extends from the superomedial margin of the stomach to the liver -extends from the liver to the stomach to the duodenum
omentum
an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs
The common frame of reference used by anatomists to describe the relationship between body parts is called ______ position.
anatomical
The study of the organization and form of body structures is called _____.
anatomy
Match the anatomical term for the body region with the common term. Instructions
ankle - tarsal foot- pedal lower leg-crural toes-digits
______is towards the front of the body.
anterior
What is the name of the highlighted region?
anterior cervical triangle
A portion of the mesentery positioned towards the anterior abdominal wall is called the _______.
anterior mesentery
Described using anatomical directional terms, the heart is ______ to the spinal column and _____ to the sternum.
anterior, posterior
The plural of appendix is
appendices
The upper and lower limbs compose the ____ region of the body
appendicular
Organelles
are microscopic structures in a cell that carry out its individual functions.
PET scan
are used to assess the metabolic state of a tissue to distinguish which tissues are most active at a given movement.
Difference between brachium and brachii
arm of the arm
The smallest particle of matter with unique chemical properties is a(n)
atom
Consider the structural hierarchy of the body. Arrange this list of structures in order of complexity, so that the least complex level is on top and the most is complex is on the bottom.
atom cell tissue organ organ system organism
In performing a physical examination the act of listening is known as
auscultation
The major body region that includes the head, neck, and trunk is the _____ region.
axial
What are the 2 major body regions?
axial (head, neck trunk) appendicular (upper and lower limbs)
What is the classification of the highlighted bones?
axial skeleton
The plural of axilla is
axillae
Label the regions of the back.
back scapular triangle of auscultation sacral lumbar
Difference between trapezius and trapezium
back muscle wrist bone
Gross anatomy is best described as the study of _____.
bodily structures that can be observed without magnification
Difference between malleolus and malleus
bony protuberance of ankle tiny middle ear bone
The anatomical term for the upper arm region is _____.
brachial
The adjective form of the noun brachium is ______.
brachii
plural of calyx
calyces
The plural of carcinoma
carcinomata
The ___ system contains the heart and blood vessels.
cardiovascular
The adjective carpi is associated with the noun _____.
carpus
The smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life is the ______.
cell
The basic structural and functional unit of life is the _____.
cells NOT atoms bc they are the smallest unit of matter
Identify the human organ systems classified in fluid transport.
circulatory lymphatic
systems of fluid transport
circulatory and lymphatic
The human organ system in the provided diagram is the _____system
circulatory or cardiovascular
developmental anatomy.
complete development of an individual from fertilization of an egg to death
Understanding cross-sectional anatomy is essential in order to interpret the images created by _______, a medical imaging technique.
computed tomography *While MRI does show cross-sectional images, it also shows other sections. CT is only cross-sectional anatomy.
What is the function of the highlighted structures?
control center
The plural form of corpus is ______.
corpora
The plural of corpus is
corpora
The plural form of cortex is ______.
cortices
The plural of cortex is
cortices
The plural of cortex is:
cortices
Match the letter of the major body cavity with the appropriate label. Instructions
cranial vertebral thoracic abdominal pelvic
Dissection may best be defined as:
cutting and carefully separating structures for study
The study of the structure and function of individual cells is known as
cytology
The directional term that indicates being farther from the body's surface is
deep
The ribs are _____ to the skin and _____ to the lungs.
deep, superficial
The plural of diagnosis is
diagnoses
The plural of epididymis is
epididymides
True or false: All humans have identical internal structures. For example, everyone has five lumbar vertebrae.
false
The _____ system contains the ovaries and uterus.
female reproductive
Difference between digits and digiti and digitorium
fingers and toes of a single finger or toe of multiple finger or toes
The eyes should be directed ___
forward
Palms should be facing _____ with fingers pointing _____
forward down
The study of both the structure and the functionality of an organ is called _____.
functional morphology NOT anatomical physiology because DOES NOT EXIST
The plural of ganglion is
ganglia
What type of anatomy focuses on body structures that can be observed without magnification?
gross
The study of tissues, or groups of cells and their surrounding extracellular materials is called ______.
histology
Examining tissues microscopically to look for signs of disease is a field called _____.
histopathology
Identify the word pairs where minor changes result in entirely different meanings.
ileum, ilium malleolus, malleus trapezius, trapezium NOT brachial and brachii because they are similar since they correspond to the arm
The abdominal region is ______ to the thoracic region.
inferior
The directional term that means "below" is
inferior or hypo
The act of looking at the body's appearance is known as ______.
inspection
The ______ system contains the skin and hair.
integumentary
Systems of protection, support, and movement
integumentary, skeletal, muscular
Organs that are surrounded by peritoneum in the abdominal cavity are described as ______.
intraperitoneal
What is the name of the highlighted organ?
kidney
What is the name of the highlighted organ?
large intestine
The scapular region is ______ to the vertebral region.
lateral
The arrow in the figure of a sagittal view of the abdomen is indicating which specific portion of the peritoneum?
lesser omentum
The peritoneal fold that extends from the stomach to the liver is called the ______.
lesser omentum
What is the name of the highlighted organ?
liver
The plural of lumen is
lumina
The _____ system contains the spleen and thymus gland.
lymphatic
The directional term that indicates towards the midline of the body is
medial
The cheeks are _____ to the ears and _____ to the nose.
medial, lateral
The region between the lungs is known as the ______.
mediastinum
The membranes lining the vertebral canal and cranial cavity are the ______.
meninges
A portion of the posterior mesentery that suspends the large intestine is called the ______.
mesocolon
The posterior mesentery of the large intestine is called ___
mesocolon
What is the medial border of the highlighted region called?
midclavicular plane
rectus abdominis muscles
midline abdominal muscles extending from rib cage to pubic bone
What is the medial border of the highlighted region called?
midsagittal plane
An anatomical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves is ______, while a plane that divides the body into unequal right and left portions is ______.
midsagittal, parasagittal
Two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds would form a(n)
molecule or compound
Studying the way the structure of an organ is related to the function of that organ is a field of study known as functional
morphology
Difference between occipitalis and occipital
muscle bone
Difference between zygomaticus and zygomatic
muscle bone
The ____ system contains skeletal muscles and tendons.
muscular
The ____system contains the brain and spinal cord.
nervous
systems of internal communication and integration
nervous system and endocrine system
Place the following digestive tract organs in the order through which ingested material passes.
oral cavity pharynx eesophagus stomach small intestine large intestine
Any anatomical structure that is composed of at least two different tissue types, has recognizable structural boundaries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it is a(n) _________.
organ
Which of the following describes a single complete individual?
organism
The plural of ovary is
ovaries
Taking a pulse by feeling the radial artery is known as ______.
palpation
What is the name of the highlighted organ?
pancreas
The feet should be ______ and flat on the floor
parallel to each other
Place the following terms describing structures around the heart in order from most superficial to deep.
parietal pericardium pericardial cavity visceral pericardium
What is the name of the highlighted region?
parietal peritoneum
Place the following terms describing structures around each lung in order from most superficial to deep.
parietal pleura pleural cavity visceral pleura
Identify the areas included in the lower limb.
pedal crural femoral NOT carpal because that is wrist
The double-layered serous membrane found in the abdominopelvic cavity is the ______.
peritoneum
The plural of phalanx is
phalanges
The scientific study of the functions of living organisms is called
physiology
The study of the functions of biological organisms and their parts is called:
physiology
The _____ is the membrane that surrounds the lungs, not a region
pleura
The serous membrane around each lung is called the
pleura
Identify examples of potential spaces in the body.
pleural cavity internal cavity of the uterus
The imaging technique that gives the best indication of tissue metabolic activity is ______.
positron emission tomography
A PET scan creates an image using ______.
positrons
The pericardial cavity is an example of a _____ space.
potential
The anatomical term that describes the forearm when the palms are facing down or posteriorly is ______.
pronated
The directional term that indicates being closer to the point of attachment is
proximal
Studying internal structures of the body using X-rays and MRI scans is _______ anatomy.
radiologic
What branch of medicine is concerned with imaging such as with X-rays?
radiology
The abdominal region can be divided into segments. Which scheme uses four lines intersecting in a tic-tac-toe grid dividing the abdomen?
regions **NOT quadrants because they are created by 2 intersecting lines NOT 4.
The ____ system contains the lungs and trachea.
respiratory
systems of intake and output
respiratory, urinary, digestive
Organs, such as the kidneys, positioned on the posterior abdominal cavity wall, outside the double layer of peritoneum, are described as being ______.
retroperitoneal
Some organs of the abdomen cavity lie against the posterior body wall and are covered by peritoneum only on the side facing the peritoneal cavity
retroperitoneal
A sagittal plane divides an organ into ______ portions.
right and left
The specific anatomical section shown in the given picture is a _____ section.
sagittal
A region of a limb between one joint and the next is called a
segment
The region between one joint and the next is called a ______.
segment
Difference between gustation and gestation
sense of taste pregnancy
plural of septum
septa
The wrapping of the visceral peritoneum around an organ is called the _______.
serosa
When the visceral peritoneum is wrapped around an organ, it forms a layer of the organ called the
serosa
The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are lined with
serous
What type of membranes line the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?
serous ex: peritoneum, pleura, pericardium
The _____ system contains bones and cartilage.
skeletal
Label the appropriate body systems.
skeletal nervous respiratory circulatory urinary
What is the name of the highlighted organ?
small intestine
Difference between ileum and ilium
small intestine hip bone
The imaging technique that uses high-frequency ultrasound waves is called ______.
sonography
what is a potential space?
space between body membranes -so NOT abdominal cavity because is not a space between 2 body cavities
systemic anatomy.
specific body systems, such as the cardiovascular system
An individual would be _____with the arms _____
standing upright at the sides
What makes up the lateral border of this region?
sternocleidomastoid
The directional term that means "above" is
superior
What direction is indicated in the image?
superior
____ is upward or towards the head.
superior
The anatomical term that describes the forearm when the palms are facing up or anteriorly is ______.
supinated **palms facing down is pronated
A group of organs working together for a coordinated function is an organ _____
system
The method of study known as "percussion" refers to ______.
tapping on a body surface then listening to the echo to diagnose health
posterior messentery
the intestines are suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by a translucent membrane, an infolding of the peritoneum
anterior mesentery
the posterior mesentery continues toward the anterior body wall EX: greater omentum, smaller omentum
The suffix "-logy" means ______.
the study of
The plural of thorax is
thoraces
On the picture of a lateral view of the body, the arrow is indicating the ___ cavity
thoracic
An aggregation of cells and extracellular material that works together to perform a specific function is known as a(n) ______.
tissue
The specific anatomical section shown in the image is a _____ section.
transverse
The thoracic and abdominal regions are subdivisions of the ______.
trunk
The prefix "epi" means ______.
upon
What is the collective name of the highlighted organs?
upper respiratory tract
The ______ system contains the bladder and kidneys.
urinary
The human organ system in the given image is the _____ system.
urinary
The spinal cord is contained within the _____.
vertebral canal
The spine encases the ______, which is continuous with the cranial cavity.
vertebral canal
The plural of villus is
villi
The plural of viscus
viscera
What is the name of the highlighted membrane?
visceral pericardium
intraperitoneal
within the peritoneal cavity organs that are encircled by peritoneum and connected to the posterior body wall sheets Organs that are surrounded by peritoneum in the abdominal cavity
Difference between carpus and carpi
wrist of the wrist
The imaging technique known as radiography involve the use of ______.
x-rays
An organ is best described as which of the following?
A structure composed of at least two different tissues, with recognizable boundaries, and with a discrete function
Match the letter of the abdominal region with its correct name. Instructions
A- hypochondriac region B- epigastric region C- lumbar region D- Umbilical region E- Inguinal region F- Hypogastric region
Match the letter of the abdominal region with its correct name. Instructions
A- hypochondriac region B- Epigastric region C- Lumbar region D- Umbilical region E- Inguinal region F- Hypogastric region