Smart Book: Chapter 1

The suffix ____ means "the study of".

-logy ology

Identify the functions of the meninges.

Anchoring spinal cord to vertebral column Protecting nervous tissue

Identify the subdivisions of the trunk.

Thoracic region Abdominal region

Identify the areas included in the upper limb.

Brachial, Carpal, Manual

Identify the imaging technique that uses low-intensity X-rays to produce an image of a thin slice of the body.

CT scan

Identify the methods of study that would be categorized as radiologic methods.

CT, MRI, x-rays

Label body systems

Digestive system Integumentary system Endocrine system Muscular system Lymphatic system

_____ is farther from the trunk or origin of a structure.

Distal

Focuses on the first eight weeks of development following fertilization of an egg.

Embryology

Identify the information conveyed by the anatomical terminology of body orientation.

Where one structure is relative to another The direction of travel for a nerve or blood vessel

The practice of diagnosing by opening a body is known as ____ surgery

Exploratory

Identify the statements that describe a person in anatomical position.

Feet flat on the floor Standing upright Palms directed forward

Identify the "ancient masters" in the study of anatomy.

Galen, Aristotle, Avicenna

The arrow in the picture of a sagittal view of the abdomen is indicating which specific portion of the peritoneum?

Greater omentum

What is the branch of medicine that deals with the study of tissues in diseases?

Histopathology

The common structures learned in anatomy texts are valid for about 70% or more of the human population.

Identify which statement best describes variation in human structure.

Observing the condition of skin and nails by sight is an example of which method of study?

Inspection

About 90% of the current medical terms are formed from ______ and ______ roots.

Latin greek

axial muscles

Location: Axial skeleton Description: Muscles with origin and insertion on axial skeleton Axial muscles include intrinsic back muscles, muscles of head and neck, primary respiratory muscles, and muscles of pharynx, abdominal wall, and pelvic floor

appendicular muscles

Location: Back, thorax, and upper limb Posterior abdominal wall, gluteal region, and lower limb Description: Upper limb: muscles that move scapula, glenohumeral and elbow joints, the sternoclavicular, and joints of the hand Lower limb: muscles that move hip, knee, ankle, and foot Function: Movement of pectoral girdle and upper limb Movement of pelvic girdle and lower limb

A strong electromagnet is used in which imaging technique?

MRI

Identify the imagining technique that would be recommended for the best visualization of soft tissues.

MRI

____ is towards the midline of the body.

Medial

The arrow in the picture of body cavities is indicating which specific region?

Mediastinum

Identify the human organ systems classified in internal communication and integration.

Nervous Endocrine

Examining the body by touch describes which method of study?

Palpation

The serous membrane around the heart is called the ______.

Pericardium

The abdominal region can be divided into segments. Which scheme uses two perpendicular lines to divide the abdomen?

Quadrants

Dental X-rays and mammograms are examples of which imaging technique?

Radiography

Label the directional terms based on the arrows.

Right to left: 1. Medial: Toward the median plane 2. Lateral: Away from the median plane 3. Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment or origin 4. Distal: Farther from the point of attachment or origin

The imaging technique used most frequently in obstetrics to visualize fetal movements?

Sonography

organ system

a group of organs with a unique collective function, such as circulation, respiration, or digestion.

An organelle is best described as ______.

a microscopic structure in a cell that carries out individual functions

Match the layers of the peritoneum with the correct letter.

a parietal peritoneum b visceral peritoneum c peritoneal cavity

The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into the ____ and _______

abdominal pelvic

What is the major function of the highlighted organ?

absorption

What is the collective name of the highlighted organs?

accessory digestive organs

Identify the organs that are located in a retroperitoneal position.

adrenal glands kidneys

greater omentum

an example of anterior mesentery that hangs like an apron from the inferolateral margin of the stomach and overlies the intestines -stomach and transverse colon

lesser omentum

an example of anterior mesentery that is smaller but extends from the superomedial margin of the stomach to the liver -extends from the liver to the stomach to the duodenum

omentum

an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs

The common frame of reference used by anatomists to describe the relationship between body parts is called ______ position.

anatomical

The study of the organization and form of body structures is called _____.

anatomy

Match the anatomical term for the body region with the common term. Instructions

ankle - tarsal foot- pedal lower leg-crural toes-digits

______is towards the front of the body.

anterior

What is the name of the highlighted region?

anterior cervical triangle

A portion of the mesentery positioned towards the anterior abdominal wall is called the _______.

anterior mesentery

Described using anatomical directional terms, the heart is ______ to the spinal column and _____ to the sternum.

anterior, posterior

The plural of appendix is

appendices

The upper and lower limbs compose the ____ region of the body

appendicular

Organelles

are microscopic structures in a cell that carry out its individual functions.

PET scan

are used to assess the metabolic state of a tissue to distinguish which tissues are most active at a given movement.

Difference between brachium and brachii

arm of the arm

The smallest particle of matter with unique chemical properties is a(n)

atom

Consider the structural hierarchy of the body. Arrange this list of structures in order of complexity, so that the least complex level is on top and the most is complex is on the bottom.

atom cell tissue organ organ system organism

In performing a physical examination the act of listening is known as

auscultation

The major body region that includes the head, neck, and trunk is the _____ region.

axial

What are the 2 major body regions?

axial (head, neck trunk) appendicular (upper and lower limbs)

What is the classification of the highlighted bones?

axial skeleton

The plural of axilla is

axillae

Label the regions of the back.

back scapular triangle of auscultation sacral lumbar

Difference between trapezius and trapezium

back muscle wrist bone

Gross anatomy is best described as the study of _____.

bodily structures that can be observed without magnification

Difference between malleolus and malleus

bony protuberance of ankle tiny middle ear bone

The anatomical term for the upper arm region is _____.

brachial

The adjective form of the noun brachium is ______.

brachii

plural of calyx

calyces

The plural of carcinoma

carcinomata

The ___ system contains the heart and blood vessels.

cardiovascular

The adjective carpi is associated with the noun _____.

carpus

The smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life is the ______.

cell

The basic structural and functional unit of life is the _____.

cells NOT atoms bc they are the smallest unit of matter

Identify the human organ systems classified in fluid transport.

circulatory lymphatic

systems of fluid transport

circulatory and lymphatic

The human organ system in the provided diagram is the _____system

circulatory or cardiovascular

developmental anatomy.

complete development of an individual from fertilization of an egg to death

Understanding cross-sectional anatomy is essential in order to interpret the images created by _______, a medical imaging technique.

computed tomography *While MRI does show cross-sectional images, it also shows other sections. CT is only cross-sectional anatomy.

What is the function of the highlighted structures?

control center

The plural form of corpus is ______.

corpora

The plural of corpus is

corpora

The plural form of cortex is ______.

cortices

The plural of cortex is

cortices

The plural of cortex is:

cortices

Match the letter of the major body cavity with the appropriate label. Instructions

cranial vertebral thoracic abdominal pelvic

Dissection may best be defined as:

cutting and carefully separating structures for study

The study of the structure and function of individual cells is known as

cytology

The directional term that indicates being farther from the body's surface is

deep

The ribs are _____ to the skin and _____ to the lungs.

deep, superficial

The plural of diagnosis is

diagnoses

The plural of epididymis is

epididymides

True or false: All humans have identical internal structures. For example, everyone has five lumbar vertebrae.

false

The _____ system contains the ovaries and uterus.

female reproductive

Difference between digits and digiti and digitorium

fingers and toes of a single finger or toe of multiple finger or toes

The eyes should be directed ___

forward

Palms should be facing _____ with fingers pointing _____

forward down

The study of both the structure and the functionality of an organ is called _____.

functional morphology NOT anatomical physiology because DOES NOT EXIST

The plural of ganglion is

ganglia

What type of anatomy focuses on body structures that can be observed without magnification?

gross

The study of tissues, or groups of cells and their surrounding extracellular materials is called ______.

histology

Examining tissues microscopically to look for signs of disease is a field called _____.

histopathology

Identify the word pairs where minor changes result in entirely different meanings.

ileum, ilium malleolus, malleus trapezius, trapezium NOT brachial and brachii because they are similar since they correspond to the arm

The abdominal region is ______ to the thoracic region.

inferior

The directional term that means "below" is

inferior or hypo

The act of looking at the body's appearance is known as ______.

inspection

The ______ system contains the skin and hair.

integumentary

Systems of protection, support, and movement

integumentary, skeletal, muscular

Organs that are surrounded by peritoneum in the abdominal cavity are described as ______.

intraperitoneal

What is the name of the highlighted organ?

kidney

What is the name of the highlighted organ?

large intestine

The scapular region is ______ to the vertebral region.

lateral

The arrow in the figure of a sagittal view of the abdomen is indicating which specific portion of the peritoneum?

lesser omentum

The peritoneal fold that extends from the stomach to the liver is called the ______.

lesser omentum

What is the name of the highlighted organ?

liver

The plural of lumen is

lumina

The _____ system contains the spleen and thymus gland.

lymphatic

The directional term that indicates towards the midline of the body is

medial

The cheeks are _____ to the ears and _____ to the nose.

medial, lateral

The region between the lungs is known as the ______.

mediastinum

The membranes lining the vertebral canal and cranial cavity are the ______.

meninges

A portion of the posterior mesentery that suspends the large intestine is called the ______.

mesocolon

The posterior mesentery of the large intestine is called ___

mesocolon

What is the medial border of the highlighted region called?

midclavicular plane

rectus abdominis muscles

midline abdominal muscles extending from rib cage to pubic bone

What is the medial border of the highlighted region called?

midsagittal plane

An anatomical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves is ______, while a plane that divides the body into unequal right and left portions is ______.

midsagittal, parasagittal

Two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds would form a(n)

molecule or compound

Studying the way the structure of an organ is related to the function of that organ is a field of study known as functional

morphology

Difference between occipitalis and occipital

muscle bone

Difference between zygomaticus and zygomatic

muscle bone

The ____ system contains skeletal muscles and tendons.

muscular

The ____system contains the brain and spinal cord.

nervous

systems of internal communication and integration

nervous system and endocrine system

Place the following digestive tract organs in the order through which ingested material passes.

oral cavity pharynx eesophagus stomach small intestine large intestine

Any anatomical structure that is composed of at least two different tissue types, has recognizable structural boundaries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it is a(n) _________.

organ

Which of the following describes a single complete individual?

organism

The plural of ovary is

ovaries

Taking a pulse by feeling the radial artery is known as ______.

palpation

What is the name of the highlighted organ?

pancreas

The feet should be ______ and flat on the floor

parallel to each other

Place the following terms describing structures around the heart in order from most superficial to deep.

parietal pericardium pericardial cavity visceral pericardium

What is the name of the highlighted region?

parietal peritoneum

Place the following terms describing structures around each lung in order from most superficial to deep.

parietal pleura pleural cavity visceral pleura

Identify the areas included in the lower limb.

pedal crural femoral NOT carpal because that is wrist

The double-layered serous membrane found in the abdominopelvic cavity is the ______.

peritoneum

The plural of phalanx is

phalanges

The scientific study of the functions of living organisms is called

physiology

The study of the functions of biological organisms and their parts is called:

physiology

The _____ is the membrane that surrounds the lungs, not a region

pleura

The serous membrane around each lung is called the

pleura

Identify examples of potential spaces in the body.

pleural cavity internal cavity of the uterus

The imaging technique that gives the best indication of tissue metabolic activity is ______.

positron emission tomography

A PET scan creates an image using ______.

positrons

The pericardial cavity is an example of a _____ space.

potential

The anatomical term that describes the forearm when the palms are facing down or posteriorly is ______.

pronated

The directional term that indicates being closer to the point of attachment is

proximal

Studying internal structures of the body using X-rays and MRI scans is _______ anatomy.

radiologic

What branch of medicine is concerned with imaging such as with X-rays?

radiology

The abdominal region can be divided into segments. Which scheme uses four lines intersecting in a tic-tac-toe grid dividing the abdomen?

regions **NOT quadrants because they are created by 2 intersecting lines NOT 4.

The ____ system contains the lungs and trachea.

respiratory

systems of intake and output

respiratory, urinary, digestive

Organs, such as the kidneys, positioned on the posterior abdominal cavity wall, outside the double layer of peritoneum, are described as being ______.

retroperitoneal

Some organs of the abdomen cavity lie against the posterior body wall and are covered by peritoneum only on the side facing the peritoneal cavity

retroperitoneal

A sagittal plane divides an organ into ______ portions.

right and left

The specific anatomical section shown in the given picture is a _____ section.

sagittal

A region of a limb between one joint and the next is called a

segment

The region between one joint and the next is called a ______.

segment

Difference between gustation and gestation

sense of taste pregnancy

plural of septum

septa

The wrapping of the visceral peritoneum around an organ is called the _______.

serosa

When the visceral peritoneum is wrapped around an organ, it forms a layer of the organ called the

serosa

The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are lined with

serous

What type of membranes line the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

serous ex: peritoneum, pleura, pericardium

The _____ system contains bones and cartilage.

skeletal

Label the appropriate body systems.

skeletal nervous respiratory circulatory urinary

What is the name of the highlighted organ?

small intestine

Difference between ileum and ilium

small intestine hip bone

The imaging technique that uses high-frequency ultrasound waves is called ______.

sonography

what is a potential space?

space between body membranes -so NOT abdominal cavity because is not a space between 2 body cavities

systemic anatomy.

specific body systems, such as the cardiovascular system

An individual would be _____with the arms _____

standing upright at the sides

What makes up the lateral border of this region?

sternocleidomastoid

The directional term that means "above" is

superior

What direction is indicated in the image?

superior

____ is upward or towards the head.

superior

The anatomical term that describes the forearm when the palms are facing up or anteriorly is ______.

supinated **palms facing down is pronated

A group of organs working together for a coordinated function is an organ _____

system

The method of study known as "percussion" refers to ______.

tapping on a body surface then listening to the echo to diagnose health

posterior messentery

the intestines are suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by a translucent membrane, an infolding of the peritoneum

anterior mesentery

the posterior mesentery continues toward the anterior body wall EX: greater omentum, smaller omentum

The suffix "-logy" means ______.

the study of

The plural of thorax is

thoraces

On the picture of a lateral view of the body, the arrow is indicating the ___ cavity

thoracic

An aggregation of cells and extracellular material that works together to perform a specific function is known as a(n) ______.

tissue

The specific anatomical section shown in the image is a _____ section.

transverse

The thoracic and abdominal regions are subdivisions of the ______.

trunk

The prefix "epi" means ______.

upon

What is the collective name of the highlighted organs?

upper respiratory tract

The ______ system contains the bladder and kidneys.

urinary

The human organ system in the given image is the _____ system.

urinary

The spinal cord is contained within the _____.

vertebral canal

The spine encases the ______, which is continuous with the cranial cavity.

vertebral canal

The plural of villus is

villi

The plural of viscus

viscera

What is the name of the highlighted membrane?

visceral pericardium

intraperitoneal

within the peritoneal cavity organs that are encircled by peritoneum and connected to the posterior body wall sheets Organs that are surrounded by peritoneum in the abdominal cavity

Difference between carpus and carpi

wrist of the wrist

The imaging technique known as radiography involve the use of ______.

x-rays

An organ is best described as which of the following?

A structure composed of at least two different tissues, with recognizable boundaries, and with a discrete function

Match the letter of the abdominal region with its correct name. Instructions

A- hypochondriac region B- epigastric region C- lumbar region D- Umbilical region E- Inguinal region F- Hypogastric region

Match the letter of the abdominal region with its correct name. Instructions

A- hypochondriac region B- Epigastric region C- Lumbar region D- Umbilical region E- Inguinal region F- Hypogastric region