smart book Chapter 16

What wavelengths of light are visible to the human eye?

400-700 nm

Which fluid is secreted by the ciliary body and fills the anterior cavity of the eye?

Aqueous humor

Which is also known as the external acoustic meatus?

Auditory canal

Which is located in the middle ear?

Auditory ossicles

Infections of the throat may be transmitted to the middle ear via which of the following?

Auditory tube

Which structure connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear?

Auditory tube

The axons of bipolar sensory neurons leave the spiral organ to form which nerve?

Cochlear

Which type of photoreceptor is primarily responsible for photopic (day) vision and trichromatic (color) vision?

Cone cell

Which processes help focus an image on the retina during the near response?

Convergence of the eyes Accommodation of the lens Constriction of the pupil

Equilibrium refers to perception of which of the following? Choose three of the options below.

Coordination Orientation in space Balance

Which term refers specifically to the perception of acceleration?

Dynamic equilibrium

Vision is the perception of which of the following?

Electromagnetic radiation

Which term refers to coordination, balance, and orientation in three-dimensional space?

Equilibrium

Which term refers to the outermost layer of the eyeball?

Fibrous

Which term refers to the sensation of taste?

Gustation

Which sensory modalities are mediated by inner ear structures?

Hearing Balance

Which describe the choroid?

Highly pigmented Contains numerous capillaries Part of the vascular tunic (layer)

Cerumen does which of the following?

Inhibits bacterial growth Keeps the tympanic membrane pliable Waterproofs the ear canal

Pressure waves are transduced into neural signals in which section of the ear?

Inner ear

Which structures are part of the vascular layer of the eyeball?

Iris Choroid Ciliary body

Which statement about the pupillary constrictor is true?

It narrows the pupil.

Which are functions of the vitreous body?

Keeps retina smooth Maintains intraocular pressure

The visible bumps on the tongue are not taste buds, but instead are called _____ papillae.

Lingual

What are the visible bumps on the tongue called?

Lingual papillae

Which section of the ear runs from the tympanic membrane (ear drum) to the oval window of the cochlea?

Middle ear

The beginning of the inner ear is a membrane-covered opening called which of the following?

Oval window

The pupillary constrictor muscle is under direct control of which branch of the nervous system?

Parasympathetic

Rods and cones are examples of which of the following?

Photoreceptor cells

Which term refers to any structure specialized to detect a stimulus?

Receptor

As light passes through different mediums, its path will bend. What is this called?

Refraction

Which term refers to the bending of light rays as they pass through objects of different density?

Refraction

Which structure contains photoreceptors?

Retina

The inner layer of the eye contains which of the following?

Retina Start of optic nerve

Which type of stimulus will maximally activate the sensory receptors within the semicircular ducts?

Rotational motion

Which cochlear chambers contain perilymph?

Scala vestibuli Scala tympani

Which term refers to the posterior, white portion of the fibrous layer?

Sclera

Which structures are part of the outer, fibrous layer of the eyeball?

Sclera Cornea

Which term refers to sensory receptors accompanied by accessory tissues that facilitate transduction of a stimulus?

Sense organ

The cochlear nerve is formed by the axons of which of the following?

Spiral ganglion neurons

Which term refers to the perception of the orientation of the head when the body is stationary?

Static equilibrium

The auditory canal is a passageway through which bone?

Temporal

Which cranial bone contains the bony labyrinth?

Temporal

Which type of receptor is specialized to respond to hot and cold stimuli?

Thermoreceptor

What is the primary function of a sensory receptor?

Transduction

______ is the conversion of one form of energy to another. In biology, it is used to describe the conversion of stimulus energy into an electrical signal in the nervous system.

Transduction

What is the primary function of the outer ear?

Transmitting sound vibrations to the tympanic membrane

True or false: Inverted images are focused onto the retina by the lens.

True

Match each tunic of the eyeball to its components. Tunica fibrosa -> Tunica vasculosa -> Tunica interna ->

Tunica fibrosa -> sclera and cornea Tunica vasculosa -> Choroid, ciliary body, and iris Tunica interna -> Retina and beginning of the optic nerve

Which structure transmits sound vibrations to the auditory ossicles?

Tympanic membrane

What are the components of the vestibular apparatus? Choose three answers from the list below.

Utricle Semicircular ducts Saccule

The choroid, ciliary body, and iris belong to which of the three tunics of the eye?

Vascular

The ciliary body is part of which tunic of the eye?

Vascular

Together, the utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts comprise which of the following?

Vestibular apparatus

Sound is produced by which of the following?

Vibrating objects pushing against air molecules

The _____ tube is a flattened tube which, when opened by actions such as yawning or swallowing, equalizes pressure in the tympanic cavity.

auditory

Ear ossicles are tiny ______.

bones

The taste _____ are found mainly on the lingual papillae and contain the sensory receptors for taste.

buds

Earwax, also called _____, is a protective, sticky secretion of ear canal glands. It waterproofs the ear canal and inhibits bacterial growth.

cerumen

The _____ body is an extension of the choroid that supports the iris and lens of the eye.

ciliary

Which structure secretes the aqueous humor?

ciliary body

The _____ is the translucent anterior section of the fibrous layer (tunic) of the eye.

cornea

True or false: As we age, the near point of vision decreases.

false

The cochlea contains receptors for which sense?

hearing

The ______ ear consists of the cochlea and the vestibule which are organs important for the senses of hearing and balance.

inner

The retina is part of which tunic of the eyeball?

inner

Which layer of the eyeball includes the retina?

internal

List the components of the lacrimal apparatus.

lacrimal gland lacrimal ducts

Which structure focuses incoming light onto the retina?

lens

List the ossicles of the middle ear in order, starting with the ossicle closest to the tympanic membrane.

malleus Incus Stapes

The bony labyrinth of the inner ear is lined with a series of fleshy tubes called the _____ labyrinth.

membranous

The lacrimal apparatus drains tears into the ______.

nasal cavity

The term " _____ response" refers to the processes involved in focusing on close objects.

near

The sense of smell is also known as ______.

olfaction

The sclera is part of which tunic of the eyeball?

outer

Which is an opening between the middle ear and the vestibule of the inner ear?

oval window

Which can be defined as discomfort resulting from tissue damage or exposure to noxious stimuli?

pain

_____ is a sensory modality mediated by specialized receptors called nociceptors.

pain

What are the neural components of the eye?

retina and optic nerve

Which are the photoreceptor cells responsible for night vision?

rods

The ______ ducts of the inner ear are specialized to detect rotational head movements (angular acceleration).

semicircular

What is olfaction?

sense of smell

What is gustation?

sense of taste

Which term refers to any audible vibration of molecules?

sound

A _____ is a receptor that responds to temperature (heat and cold).

thermoreceptor

What is the anatomical name for the eardrum?

tympanic membrane

The vascular layer of the eye is also called the ______.

uvea

The choroid is ______.

very vascular

The _____ body is a jelly-like substance located between the lens and the retina of the eyeball.

vitreous