smartbook - BIOL 203 - Exam 3

base

A nitrogen-containing molecule found in DNA and RNA that provides the basis for the genetic code is a nitrogenous ______

nitrogenous base

A nitrogen-containing molecule found in DNA and RNA that provides the basis for the genetic code is a(n) ______. amino acid protein nitrogenous base

Apoenzyme

A non-functional enzyme which needs a cofactor is called a(n) ____

exergonic

A reaction that releases energy is termed _____

aerobic respiration

A series of reactions that converts glucose to CO2 and allows the cells to recover significant energy in the form of ATP is known as ______. aerobic respiration electron transfer fermentation glycolysis

Nucleotide

Building blocks of DNA, called _____ , contain the same sugar and phosphate, but different nitrogenous bases.

released

During exergonic reactions, energy is ______.

accept and release electrons

Electron carriers like NAD and FAD repeatedly ______.

division

Ensuring that the DNA code will be maintained during cell growth and cell ______ is one of the two essential effects of the structure of DNA.

lock

Enzyme-substrate interactions are sometimes referred to as a " ___ and key" interaction.

multiple

Enzymes can have ______ active site(s).

Catabolic

Glycolysis is a(n) ______ process, which breaks down glucose into smaller molecules. Multiple choice question. cyclic replication anabolic catabolic

cytosine

In DNA, the base that pairs with guanine is ____.

free oxygen

In aerobic respiration, ____ serves as the final electron acceptor.

Faster

In the presence of an enzyme catalyst, a chemical reaction will proceed ______ than if the enzyme were not present. Multiple choice question. at the same speed faster slower

mitochondria; cytoplasm

The Krebs cycle occurs in the ______ of eukaryotic cells and the ______ of bacteria.

Substrate

The ___ is the term for a specific molecule on which an enzyme acts.

active

The ___ site is the region on an enzyme that binds substrate.

Catalytic

The active site of an enzyme is also known as the ___ site.

Metabolism

The combination of all reactions (catabolic + anabolic) within a cell is termed______

True

True or false: An enzyme can have more than 1 active site.

True

True or false: An enzyme's active site is unique for each substrate.

False

True or false: Coenzymes are inorganic cofactors.

True

True or false: Cofactors are either coenzymes or metal ions.

True

True or false: In strict aerobes and some anaerobes, pyruvic acid enters the Krebs cycle after it is converted to acetyl CoA.

False

True or false: Most enzymes are named based on their molecular composition.

False

True or false: The Calvin cycle is part of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

True

True or false: Within a nucleotide, the phosphate group is linked to the 5' carbon of the pentose sugar.

Substrates

What name is given to the compound which an enzyme will act upon?

Catalytic site

What term is also used to describe an active site? Multiple choice question. Catalytic site Allosteric site Active point

Endoenzyme

What term is used to describe enzymes which work within the cell that produces them?

Apoenzyme

What term refers to a biological catalyst that lacks an essential cofactor? Apoenzyme Vitamin Hapten Enzyme

Region of an enzyme where the substrate binds

Which best defines an active site?

active site

Which feature of an enzyme is the "most" unique? Multiple choice question. Primary structure Allosteric site Active site

Coenzymes = organic / Metals = inorganic

Which identifies the correct relationship among components of coenzymes?

Decreasing the substrate concentration

Which is NOT a method of overcoming activation energy in any reaction? Multiple choice question. Decreasing the substrate concentration Addition of a catalyst Increasing thermal energy via heat

Both are purines

Which is true regarding adenine and guanine? Adenine is a purine and guanine is a pyrimidine Both are pyrimidines Adenine is a pyrimidine and guanine is a purine Both are purines

coenzymes

Which of the following can act as an electron carrier? Coenzymes ATP Vitamins

Protiens

Which of the following macromolecules can commonly act as a catalyst? Nucleic acids Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids

coenzymes and metal ions

Which of the following represent cofactors? Coenzymes Lipids ENzymes

fermentation

Which term describes the incomplete breakdown of glucose due the absence of an electron acceptor for the electron transport system?

genome

Which term represents all of the genetic information within a cell? Gene Genome Chromosome

act as organic catalysts function in low concentration have a unique shape and specificity

Which three of the following are characteristics of most enzymes?

phosphate

Within a nucleotide, the ____ group is linked to the 5' carbon of the pentose sugar.

Enzymes

___ is a biological catalyst

Ribosomes

____ are a class of RNA molecules that catalyze reactions on other RNA, and their discovery serves as evidence to support the RNA hypothesis.

catabolism, anabolism

____ is a set of reactions needed to break down organic molecules into materials while___ is the set of reactions that use these materials to build larger, more complex molecules.

Genetics

____ is the study of the inheritance of living things.

glycolysis Krebs cycle respiratory chain

Aerobic respiration includes the following three pathways: glycolysis photosynthesis Krebs cycle respiratory chain fermentation

the same sugar and phosphate, but different nitrogenous bases

All DNA nucleotides contain ______. the same nitrogenous base and phosphate, but different sugars the same sugar, but different phosphates and nitrogenous bases the same nitrogenous base, but different phosphates and sugars the same sugar and phosphate, but different nitrogenous bases

catalyst

An enzyme acts as a ____ that alters the rate of a reaction without being changed by the reaction.

Enzymes

Composed principally of amino acids, ______ act as biological catalysts, facilitating metabolic activities of the cell.

may have served as the first genetic material within ancient cells can inhibit gene expression

Ribozymes ______ and ______.

Adenosine Triphosphate.

The letters in ATP represent the words

Mitochondria, cytoplam

The location of the Krebs cycle enzymes in eukaryotes is in the ____ matrix, while in prokaryotes the enzymes are found in the ____.

activation

The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to proceed is termed the __ energy.

genetics

The science of heredity is ______. reproduction genetics biology

both anabolic and catabolic

The term "metabolism" includes which type(s) of cellular reactions? Multiple choice question. Neither catabolic nor anabolic Both anabolic and catabolic Anabolic only Catabolic only