SmartBook (Chapters 4-5)
If you want to minimize status differentials with subordinates, what should you do at a meeting with them?
You should sit at a circular table.
According to the text, how people vary in their motivation to influence and control others refers to __________.
need for power
The notion of 'do what you want others to do to you' refers to which type of thinking?
Care-based
Prejudice that occurs without the individual's awareness refers to ___________ prejudice.
implicit
A manager who chooses a job applicant who is more like herself rather than another applicant who is not like her is demonstrating _______ _______.
in-group favoritism
When an individual shows a systematic pattern of acts of kindness towards people who are like them, they are demonstrating
in-group favoritism
A judge who gives Samuel, a convicted prisoner, a suspended sentence but tells him to consider the suspension a "sword hanging over his head" if he breaks the law again is using an influence tactic called _____.
pressure tactic
Plato and Kant believed mature moral judgment was a ________ process.
rational
An agent uses logical arguments or factual evidence to influence others. This scenario exemplifies an influence tactic called _____.
rational persuasion
Even in purely economic terms, in 2010 the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners estimated that businesses around the world lose ______ every year to fraudulent activity.
$2.9 billion
In his classic study, Stanley Milgram found that some ____% of individuals followed the requests of their "boss" even though doing so may have gone against their own personal beliefs.
70
Which of the following is not a description of the moral person as defined by Avolio?
Available
Which of the following is NOT true of female managers? A. They are more likely to consider how others feel. B. They are more likely to act out of self-interest. C. They are more likely to act with the organization's broad interests in mind. D. They are more likely to involve others in planning.
B. They are more likely to act out of self-interest.
Which of the following is likely to have the least amount of power? A. A hospital physician displaying his credentials B. An on-duty commercial airline pilot C. A policeman dressed in regular clothes D. A uniformed homeland security professional
C. A policeman dressed in regular clothes
Individuals in a clique who sit next to each other at a circular table A. minimize their power. B. are showing respect to their superiors. C. increase their power. D. neither increase not decrease their power.
C. increase their power.
The actions of the Taliban against women in Afghanistan is an example of using which type of power?
Coercive
Which type of bias is present when an individual encourages his client to purchase a product that may not be right for the client, but that would earn the individual a hefty sales commission?
Conflict of interest
All of the following are true of Theory Y except A. people take pride in their organization. B. there is a sense of respect for a job well done. C. people are motivated to work for the personal growth it provides. D. people are not naturally industrious.
D. people are not naturally industrious.
Avolio and his associates have defined ethical leadership as having eight core components.
False
True or false: Authentic leaders are inconsistent in their values, their beliefs, and their actions.
False
True or false: It is necessary to exercise power in order for it to have effect.
False
True or false: McClelland found that individuals with a high need for power are guaranteed leadership success.
False
True or false: Studies show that predictions of ethical behavior are generally consistent with actual behavior.
False
Which of the following statements regarding referent power is NOT true? A. Followers with little referent power usually find it easy to deviate from group norms. B. Referent power can be lost quickly. C. Referent power takes time to develop. D. Referent power can be seen as a two-way street between the leader and the follower.
Followers with little referent power usually find it easy to deviate from group norms.
In contrast to previous generations, which group believes that leaders have to earn their positions, not be given them based on seniority?
Gen Xers
The group of workers identified by Zemke as entrepreneurial individuals who embrace change and take a free agency approach to their jobs are the ______.
Gen Xers
When an influencer has the upper hand, when the agents anticipate resistance, or when the other person's behavior violates important norms. Tactic?
Hard tactics
The question of whether you should tell authorities that your spouse has a highly contagious and dangerous disease or protect her privacy is an example of which ethical dilemma?
Individual versus community
Which types of power are best for a leader to use?
It depends on the situation.
Who has the greater capacity to influence followers?
Leaders who have the ability to use rewards and punishments.
_____ power is primarily a function of the situation.
Legitimate
Which of the following is NOT one of the six composites that comprise Miner's motivation to manage?
Maintaining good relationships with subordinates
_______________ doubt the wisdom of traditional racial and sexual categorizing and seek seeking teamwork, security, and work-life balance as they move into the workplace.
Millennials
Which of the following is true about the dual-process theory of moral judgment proposed by Joshua Greene?
Moral judgments concerned primarily with "rights" and "duties" are made by automatic emotional responses.
When we overestimate the quality of our own work and contributions to our team, we are showing which type of bias?
Overclaiming credit
Which of the following is an assumption of Theory Y?
People are intrinsically motivated by their work.
Individuals who are relatively selfish, impulsive, uninhibited, and lacking in self-control have a high need for which type of power?
Personalized power
As a result of his decisions in his personal life, Tiger Woods lost which type of power?
Referent
Many people admire Michael Dell and see him as a role model. Which type of power does Dell have?
Referent
Which type of power does an individual who is admired and seen as a role model have?
Referent
Which type of thinking can be characterized as 'following the highest principle or duty'?
Rule-based
Deciding how to balance spending time with your children versus making a bigger commitment to your career is an example of which type of dilemma?
Short-term versus long-term
When the agents are at a disadvantage, when the agents expect resistance, or when the agents will personally benefit if the attempt is successful. Tactic?
Soft tactics
The four generations of values identified by Zemke include each of the following except _____.
Techies
In the context of influence tactics, identify a feature of coalition tactics that is different from that of consultation.
They are used when agents seek the aid or support of others to influence a target.
Which of the following is an effective team leader's ideal job?
To create the conditions for the team to be successful
Long-term success as a leader requires
a high need for socialized power and a high need for activity inhibition.
A coach deciding who will play in a game is an example of ________________power being exercised.
legitimate
Several significant people in an alcoholic's life, such as spouse, children, employer, or neighbor, agree to confront the alcoholic in unison about the many dimensions of his or her problem. This is an example of an influence tactic called
coalition tactic
A policeman giving a ticket is an example of _______________ power.
coercive
Cult leader Jim Jones is an example of a leader using _____________ power.
coercive
A minister establishes a committee of church members to help plan the layout and use of a new church addition. In this scenario, the minister uses an influence tactic called ___________.
consultation
An agent asks a target to participate in planning an activity. In this scenario, the agent uses an influence tactic called _____.
consultation
The fortitude to face risk and overcome fears associated with taking ethical action refers to moral
courage
An individual's formal or official authority is called ______ power.
legitimate
Nazi concentration camp guards who absolved themselves of responsibility for their actions by saying they were merely following orders were using
displacement of responsibility.
A researcher who ask subordinates to speculate whether they think their manager would be likely to act unethically is using a ______________ reputation approach to measuring leader integrity.
dubious
Which type of approach should subordinates use when assessing managerial integrity?
dubious reputation
Moral _____ refers to an individual's belief in his capacity to mobilize various personal, interpersonal, and other external resources t
efficacy
Thinking that is characterized as 'do what's best for the greatest number of people' is referred to as ______ thinking.
ends-based
Principles of right conduct or a system of moral values are referred to as
ethics
An individual who uses cosmetic words to defuse or disguise the offensiveness of their behavior is demonstrating
euphemistic labeling.
An agent influences a target by giving and taking favors. This scenario exemplifies an influence tactic called
exchange
Two politicians agree to vote for each other's pet legislation despite minor misgivings about each other's bills. This scenario exemplifies an influence tactic called _____.
exchange
In order to be successful in the operating room, a brain surgeon must have ______ power.
expert
One person's actual behaviors designed to change another person's attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors refers to _______ tactics.
influence
The change in a target agent's attitudes, values, beliefs, or behaviors as the result of influence tactics refers to _______.
influence
A salesperson's good-natured or flattering banter with a customer before the customer makes a decision about purchasing a product is an example of an influence tactic called _____________.
ingratiation
Values that refer to modes of behavior are called ___ values.
instrumental
Leaders who demonstrate their commitment to higher principles through their actions demonstrate strong
integrity
Individuals like Sergeant York who rationalize their behavior as they fight and kill in war situations use ______ justification.
moral
Research shows that the relationship between how we think we should act and our actual behavior is
often inconsistent
All of the following are bases of power except ____ power.
organized
The status differential between members of a group is called the _____.
pecking order
A sentence that opens with, "John, we have known each other a long time and I have never asked anything of you before" represents the beginning of an influence tactic called ____________.
personal appeal
An individual trying to assert power might
point his finger to reinforce a statement.
The capacity to produce effects on others or the potential to influence others refers to
power
The potential influence one has due to the strength of the relationship between the leader and the follower is referred to as _________________________power.
referent
Coercive power can be thought of as being the opposite of ______ power.
reward
Employee of the month and special parking spots are examples of using ____ power to influence behavior.
reward
The potential to influence others due to one's control over desired resources is __________________ power.
reward
Power is a function of the leader, the follower, and the
situation
The Stanford prison experiment highlighted the role of the ______________ in the leader power equation.
situation
Which of the following are nonverbal gestures of power?
touching pointing staring
Constructs representing generalized behaviors or states of affairs that are considered by the individual to be important are known as
values
Which of the following is not true? A. Individuals with a large amount of power can use a wider variety of influence tactics than those with little power. B. Overt behaviors exhibited by one person to influence another are called influence tactics. C. Influence tactics include emotional appeals, rational appeals, personal appeals, and legitimate requests. D. Followers always have less influence over the rest of the group than the leader does.
D. Followers always have less influence over the rest of the group than the leader does.
Studies by McClelland and also by Miner use which method of assessing the need for power?
Projective personality tests
When parties are relatively equal in power, when resistance is not anticipated, and when the benefits are organizational as well as personal. Tactic?
Rational tactics
True or false: An individual is likely to be perceived as taller when he is introduced as a professor rather than as a student.
True
True or false: As demonstrated by Michelle Obama's gaffe at a dinner at Buckingham Palace, cultural differences can impact power.
True
True or false: Followers can have more expert power than leaders.
True
True or false: Good leaders are open to being influenced by subordinates.
True
True or false: One's ethical judgments are negatively affected by conflicts of interest.
True
True or false: Stanley Milgram found that many people will obey an authority figure even when doing so is in conflict with their conscience.
True
In the context of influence tactics, when an agent attempts to get a target person in a good mood before making a request, ___________ occurs.
ingratiation
A minister's impassioned plea to members of a congregation about the good works that could be accomplished if a proposed addition to the church were built is an example of an influence tactic called _____.
inspirational appeal
An agent makes a request or proposal designed to arouse enthusiasm or emotions in a target person. In this scenario, the agent uses an influence tactic called ______________.
inspirational appeal
A principal asks a teacher to be on the school's curriculum committee, and the teacher accedes to the request despite reservations because it is the principal's prerogative to appoint any teacher to that role. This scenario exemplifies an influence tactic called
legitimizing tactic
An agent makes requests to targets based on his or her position or authority. This scenario exemplifies an influence tactic called _____.
legitimizing tactic
Principle-centered leadership suggests a fundamental interdependence between all of the following levels of leadership except
impersonal.
True or false: Servant leadership has been hailed across the board as the most promising leadership style for large companies.
False
Over _______ is currently invested in mutual funds that focus on companies that demonstrate commitment to the environment, ethics, and social responsibility.
$2 trillion
Banners proclaiming Enron to be the 'world's leading company ' are an example of which element of the cult-like culture at the company?
A compelling and totalistic vision
Which of the following is not characteristic of a cult?
A lack of a common culture
values and organizational values? A. An individual leader's personal values are unlikely to play a significant role in an determining team values. B. An individual leader's personal values are unlikely to play a significant role in an determining team values. C. Leaders may fail because of a misalignment between their personal values and those of the organization. D. Employees with values similar to the organization are generally more satisfied with their jobs.
A. An individual leader's personal values are unlikely to play a significant role in an determining team values.
Which employee is least likely to address perceived ethical problems? A. An employee who believes there attractive alternative employment prospects B. An employee on whom others are dependent C. An employee who lacks options in the market place D. An employee who is respected and thought to be credible
C. An employee who lacks options in the market place
Which of the following is not one of the four general categories of attitudes and behaviors associated with ethical leadership and ethical role models? A. Personal behaviors B. Ethical actions and self-expectations C. Personal behaviors D. Basic fairness
C. Personal behaviors
Which of the following does not describe a servant leader? A. The leader is able to understand others' feelings and perspectives. B.The leader acts as a steward, holding the organization's resources in trust for the greater good. C. The leader's primary role is to communicate to others. D. The leader helps to foster each person's emotional and spiritual health and wellness.
C. The leader's primary role is to communicate to others.
Which of the following is NOT one of the 'fronts' of leadership action important to establishing an ethical organizational climate? A. Process focus B. Core ideology C. Integrity D. Structural realignment
D. Structural realignment
All of the following except which describe the interpersonal behaviors of ethical leaders? A. They focus on the positive not the negative. B. They are hardworking and helpful. C. They value their relationships with others and actively work to maintain them. D. They articulate a consistent ethical vision.
D. They articulate a consistent ethical vision.
An organization in which ethical standards have been clearly and persuasively communicated, and embraced and enforced by leaders have which type of organizational climate?
Ethical climate
A boss who exaggerates her anger at an employee's mistake to 'teach a lesson' is demonstrating which type of leadership?
Inauthentic
Which of the following is not a benefit of having a strong ethical climate?
Increased organizational costs and complexity
All of the following except which are characteristics most often associated with servant leadership?
Legitimacy
Which of the following is not part of the concept of moral potency?
Moral justification
Which of the following is a criticism of servant leadership?
Servant leadership suggests that serving others is an end to itself rather than a means to other organizational goals.
True or false: Leaders sometimes fail as a result of a lack of fit between their personal values and those of the organization.
True
Leaders who try not so much to avoid doing 'wrong things' but always do 'right things' are known as _______ leaders.
authentic
________________ _______________ represents an organization's purpose, guiding principles, basic identity, and most important values. (Answer using two words.)
core ideology
"The first imperative is to be a trustworthy person, and that depends on both one's character and competence." This belongs to the __________________ level of Covey's principle-centered leadership model.
personal
A politician's adviser explains how demographic changes in the politician's district make it important for the politician to spend relatively more time in the district seeing constituents than he or she has in the recent past. In the context of influence tactics, this scenario is most likely an example of __________.
rational persuasion
A leaders who's primary motivation is to help others can best be described as ________________leaders
servant
The direction of communication at Enron can best be described as ___.
top-down
