SmartBook Reading Assignment: Chapter 16a (General)

What is a receptive field? Multiple choice question. -Area within which a single sensory neuron is able to detect a stimulus -Site where axons in a projection pathway cross to the opposite side of the brain -Location of signal integration in the thalamus -The region of the cerebral cortex that first receives a particular type of sensory signal

-Area within which a single sensory neuron is able to detect a stimulus

What is a sensory projection pathway? Multiple choice question. -A brief, local change in the membrane potential of a sensory cell triggered by a stimulus -The neural pathway followed by sensory signals on their way to the brain -The area within which an individual receptor is able to detect a stimulus -The first area of cortex to receive incoming sensory information

-The neural pathway followed by sensory signals on their way to the brain

Which term refers to a substance or mechanism that has pain-relieving properties? Multiple choice question. Inflammatory Hyperalgesic Analgesic Nociceptive

Analgesic

Which cells of a taste bud are stem cells that multiply and replace taste cells that have died? Multiple choice question. Taste hairs Taste cells Basal cells Supporting cells

Basal cells

What is the functional role of endogenous opioids such as endorphins, enkephalins and dynorphins? Multiple choice question. Stimulate nociceptors Trigger inflammation in damaged tissues Block transmission of pain signals Increase sensitivity to pain

Block transmission of pain signals

Which types of sensory receptors consist of free nerve endings? Multiple select question. Cold receptors Warm receptors Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles Nociceptors

Cold receptors Warm receptors Nociceptors

Which are naturally occurring analgesics (endogenous opioids)? Multiple select question. Bradykinin Dynorphins Enkephalins Prostaglandins Endorphins

Dynorphins Enkephalins Endorphins

Which type of lingual papillae do not contain taste buds? Multiple choice question. Foliate papillae Filiform papillae Fungiform papillae Vallate papillae

Filiform papillae

Which type of lingual papillae is most abundant? Multiple choice question. Vallate papillae Foliate papillae Filiform papillae Fungiform papillae

Filiform papillae

Which type of lingual papillae is responsible for giving cats' tongues their rough, sandpaper-like feel? Multiple choice question. Foliate papillae Fungiform papillae Filiform papillae Vallate papillae

Filiform papillae

Which type of lingual papillae is responsible for giving cats' tongues their rough, sandpaper-like feel? Multiple choice question. Fungiform papillae Filiform papillae Vallate papillae Foliate papillae

Filiform papillae

Which type of lingual papillae are weakly developed in humans and lose most of their taste buds by age 2 or 3 years? Multiple choice question. Foliate papillae Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae Filiform papillae

Foliate papillae

Which type of lingual papillae are weakly developed in humans and lose most of their taste buds by age 2 or 3 years? Multiple choice question. Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae Filiform papillae Foliate papillae

Foliate papillae

Which type of lingual papillae form parallel ridges on the sides of the tongue? Multiple choice question. Foliate papillae Fungiform papillae Filiform papillae Vallate papillae

Foliate papillae

Which term refers to unencapsulated nerve endings that act as temperature receptors (warm and cold), and nociceptors (pain)? Hair receptors Peritrichial endings Free nerve endings Tactile (Merkel) discs

Free nerve endings

Which type of lingual papillae are most concentrated at the tip and sides of the tongue? Multiple choice question. Vallate papillae Fungiform papillae Foliate papillae Filiform papillae

Fungiform papillae

Which type of lingual papillae contain about three taste buds per papillae? Multiple choice question. Fungiform papillae Filiform papillae Vallate papillae Foliate papillae

Fungiform papillae

What are the visible bumps on the tongue called?

Lingual papillae

Most encapsulated nerve endings are which of the following? Multiple choice question. Chemoreceptors Thermoreceptors Nociceptors Mechanoreceptors

Mechanoreceptors

Which term refers to the type of stimulus or sensation produced when a sensory receptor is activated? Multiple choice question. Modality Effector Threshold Format

Modality

Which type of receptor is involved in the sensation of pain? Multiple choice question. Nociceptor Thermoreceptor Photoreceptor Chemoreceptor Mechanoreceptor

Nociceptor

Which can be defined as discomfort resulting from tissue damage or exposure to noxious stimuli? Multiple choice question. Somatosensation Proprioception Somesthesis Pain

Pain

_______________ is a sensory modality mediated by specialized receptors called nociceptors.

Pain

The term referred pain specifically refers to which of the following? Multiple choice question. -Pain that originates in the viscera, but which seems to come from the skin -Pain that has no medically identifiable causes and which is therefore attributed to psychological factors -Pain that arises from activity in the cranial nerves -Pain that triggers emotional and behavioral responses

Pain that originates in the viscera, but which seems to come from the skin

Which type of receptor responds to light? Multiple choice question. Chemoreceptor Mechanoreceptor Thermoreceptor Photoreceptor

Photoreceptor

Which type of receptor responds to light? Multiple choice question. Thermoreceptor Mechanoreceptor Chemoreceptor Photoreceptor

Photoreceptor

Which term refers to the area within which a single sensory neuron is able to detect a stimulus?

Receptive field

Which term refers to the area within which a single sensory neuron is able to detect a stimulus? Multiple choice question. Receptive field Primary sensory cortex Labeled line Projection pathway

Receptive field

Which term refers to any structure specialized to detect a stimulus? Multiple choice question. Sense organ Nerve Receptor Modality

Receptor

During a heart attack, people often experience pain in their shoulder even though the pain is being triggered by ischemia (lack of oxygen) in the heart muscle. Which type of pain does this describe? Multiple choice question. Cutaneous pain Referred pain First (fast) pain Psychosomatic pain

Referred pain

Which term refers to the conscious perception of a stimulus? Multiple choice question. Sensory modality Receptor potential Sensation Transduction

Sensation

What is olfaction? Multiple choice question. Sense of taste Sense of pain Sense of hearing Sense of smell

Sense of smell

What is gustation? Multiple choice question. Process of swallowing Sense of smell Sense of taste Process of chewing

Sense of taste

Which term refers to sensory receptors accompanied by accessory tissues that facilitate transduction of a stimulus? Multiple choice question. Sense organ Receptor potential Labeled line Sensory receptor

Sense organ

An electrical signal generated in the retina travels along a specific pathway in the nervous system to reach the visual cortex in the brain. Which term describes that pathway? Multiple choice question. Phasic receptor Receptor potential Sensory projection pathway Receptor field

Sensory projection pathway

An electrical signal generated in the retina travels along a specific pathway in the nervous system to reach the visual cortex in the brain. Which term describes that pathway? Multiple choice question. Sensory projection pathway Phasic receptor Receptor potential Receptor field

Sensory projection pathway

Where are free nerve endings most abundant? Multiple choice question. Visceral organs and the skin Bones and the brain Skin and mucous membranes Synovial membranes and cartilage

Skin and mucous membranes

Which sensory modalities depend on the activation of chemoreceptors? Multiple select question Vision Smell Taste Hearing

Smell Taste

Which term refers specifically to pain arising from the skin, muscles, and joints? Multiple choice question. Slow (second) pain Fast (first) pain Somatic pain Visceral pain

Somatic pain

Which types of sensory receptors are encapsulated nerve endings? Multiple select question. Tactile (Meissner) corpuscles End bulbs Hair receptors Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles Bulbous (Ruffini) corpuscles Tactile (Merkel) discs

Tactile (Meissner) corpuscles End bulbs Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles Bulbous (Ruffini) corpuscles

Which structure secretes endogenous opioids? Multiple choice question. The brain Bones The skin Teeth

The brain

Which type of receptor is specialized to respond to hot and cold stimuli? Multiple choice question. Photoreceptor Mechanoreceptor Nociceptor Chemoreceptor Thermoreceptor

Thermoreceptor

What types of stimuli activate nociceptors? Multiple choice question. Vibration, touch, pressure, stretch, or tension Odors and tastes Warm temperatures Tissue damage, potentially damaging stimuli

Tissue damage, potentially damaging stimuli

What is the primary function of a sensory receptor? Multiple choice question. Perception Amplification Transduction Propagation

Transduction

______ is the conversion of one form of energy to another. In biology, it is used to describe the conversion of stimulus energy into an electrical signal in the nervous system. Multiple choice question. Sensation Transformation Perception Transduction

Transduction

______ is the conversion of one form of energy to another. In biology, it is used to describe the conversion of stimulus energy into an electrical signal in the nervous system. Multiple choice question. Transduction Perception Sensation Transformation

Transduction

Where is the olfactory mucosa located? Multiple choice question. Superior surface of the tongue Lining the paranasal sinuses Posterior half of the soft palate Upper region of the nasal cavity

Upper region of the nasal cavity

Which are examples of sensory modality? Multiple select question. Vision Hearing Tonic Phasic Taste

Vision Hearing Taste

The taste __________ are found mainly on the lingual papillae and contain the sensory receptors for taste.

buds

Pain from arthritis is a type of ______ pain. Multiple choice question. deep somatic superficial somatic visceral

deep somatic

Pain from arthritis is a type of ______ pain. Multiple choice question. deep somatic visceral superficial somatic

deep somatic

True or false: All sensory signals are consciously perceived.

false

True or false: Sensory receptors are composed of sensory organs.

false

The olfactory _____________ in the nasal cavity contains the olfactory receptors.

mucosa

The sense of smell is also known as ______. Multiple choice question. olfaction proprioception deglutition gustation

olfaction

The taste hairs of taste cells project into small openings in the epithelium of the tongue where they come into contact with saliva mixed with bits of dissolved food. These small pits are called taste ____________ .

pores