Smartbook Reading Chapter Eight- Managment

What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure?

1. Who specializes in what work 2. Who reports to whom

According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations? (select all that apply)

1. a crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial tuna fishing boat 2. the BumbleBee or StarKist tuna companies with their thousands of employees

Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture? (select all that apply)

1. activities 2. processes 3. outcomes

The three types of organizational design are:

1. open boundaries 2. horizontal 3. traditional

What is the most accurate description of person-organization fit?

A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization

Take ownership and accept responsibility

Avoid holding grudges when you are wrong. Instead - absorb, learn, understand, and move on.

_____ is the tendency of the parts of an organization to disperse and fragment.

Differentiation

Horizontal

Expresses the extent to which the organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers.

_____ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values.

Formal statements

Nonprofit organization

Formed to offer services to clients rather than make money

Rites and rituals, which are activities and _____ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change.

ceremonies

Research shows that employees have more positive work attitudes in organizations with a(n) _____ culture.

clan

In the elements of organizations, ________ unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being.

common purpose

For-profit organization

formed to make money, or profits, by offering products or services

An organization's _____ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes, or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture.

leaders

A _____ is a narrative about the company's history that is repeated by an organization's members in order to emphasize a particular value.

story

Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein ___________

unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being.

What are three characteristics of an organization with a simple structure?

1. authority in a single person 2. a flat hierarchy 3. low work specialization

What are two suggestions for improving your adaptability in the workplace?

1. be proactive in learning situations 2. be more resourceful

Organizational design is concerned with which two activities?

1. creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies 2. creating structures of accountability and responsibility

Which of the following represent traditional organizational designs? (select all that apply)

1. divisional 2. functional 3. simple 4. matrix

Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to: (select all that apply)

1. encourage employee productivity 2. send a strong message about the culture

Which of the following are outcomes associated with various types of organizational culture? (select all that apply)

1. higher financial performance in market and hierarchy cultures 2. higher market share in clan and market cultures 3. more positive work attitudes in clan cultures 4. higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures 5. more positive organizational outcomes in market cultures

Which of the following statements regarding the horizontal design are true? (select all that apply)

1. internal boundaries are broken down 2. this design is also called a team-based design 3. workgroups are used to improve collaboration

Organizational culture: (select all that apply)

1. represents beliefs and values shared among workers 2. helps employees understand why the organization does what it does 3. is the social glue that binds members of the organization together 4. significantly affects work outcomes at all levels of the organization 5. is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring

Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture?

1. role modeling 2. training 3. coaching

Some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture include which two of the following?

1. status symbols 2. rewards

An organization that wants to eliminate layers in favor of creating a culture where employees have more power should consider adopting a _____ organizational structure.

flattened

If an organization wishes to become more controlling and authoritative toward its employees, it should consider adopting a(n) _____ structure.

hierarchical

Identify the three types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries. Check all that apply.

1. Modular 2. Hollow 3. Virtual

Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization? (select all that apply)

1. Rituals 2. Awards 3. Decorations

Be more resourceful

Look for solutions to challenges, rather than problems

Display a proactive learning orientation

Maintain a desire to learn and improve your career readiness competencies

What occurs as a result of the horizontal organizational design?

Teams are used to improve collaboration and work

Expand your perspective by asking different questions

Try thinking about things such as "what surprised me about that situation?" or "What data might I be ignoring?"

Focus on being optimistic

View work or career changes as challenges to be overcome

Mutual-benefit organization

Voluntary collective formed to advance members' interests

A(n) _____ organization is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members are linked by information technology and collaborate on common tasks.

boundaryless

While Kirsten would have liked to ship all of the products at once, export fees limited her to shipping product out in small batches. Kirsten has fit her organization into the structure of the environment she uses for shipping. This is an example of _____ design.

contingency

A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members is called organizational ______.

culture

The more subunits into which an organization breaks down, the more highly _____ it is.

differentiated

According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational _____ varies along two dimensions

effectiveness

Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by

embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements.

More positive organizational outcomes are associated with _____ cultures.

market

An organization where authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised is called _____.

mechanistic

Top-down structure and rigid rules are characteristics of a(n) _____ organization.

mechanistic

In organizational culture, a story is a(n)

narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value.

Symbols in organizational culture represent

objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others.

The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its _____.

observable artifacts

A hospital is an example of a nonprofit organization because it is formed to _____.

offer services to clients

A(n) _____ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.

organization

A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart.

organizational

The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization is referred to as _____.

person-organization fit

Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent?

physical design

If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of _____ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them.

rewards

Organizations can use _____, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture.

rites and rituals

An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a _____.

simple structure

The number of people reporting directly to a given manager refers to _____.

span of control

In terms of organizational culture, a _______ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others.

symbol

An organization comprised of many levels with narrow spans of managerial control is described as _____.

tall

One method of changing organizational culture is to provide structured _____ as an in-depth introduction to organizational values.

training

Flat organizations generally have few levels with _______ spans of control, with one manager overseeing many employees.

wide

Vertical

Expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control.

The process of fitting the organization to its environment is referred to as the _______ approach to organizational structure.

contingency