Soc 101

rank four stages of role exit on the order they occur.

1. doubt 2. search for alternatives 3. action or departure 4. creation of new identity

Postmodern

High technology; mass consumption of consumer goods and media images; cross-cultural integration

industrial

Reliance on mechanical power and new sources of energy; centralized workplaces; economic interdependence; formal education

Postindustrial

Reliance on services, especially the processing and control of information; expanded middle class

secondary group

a formal, impersonal group where there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding

in group

a group or category to which people feel they belong

primary group

a small group that is characterized by intimate face to face association and cooperation

downsides of division of labor

alienation weakens job security

types of statuses

ascribed, master, acheived

A ______ is a component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking

bureacracy

A _____ is a component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency

bureaucracy

the term ____ refers to the unofficial activities and interaction that are a basic part of daily operations within a formal organizations

bureaucracy's other face

US public schools are funded primarily through property taxes. This means children living in affluent communities go to schools that have better equipment and higher paid teachers than kids living in less wealthy communities. as a result kids in wealthier communities often receive a better education than children in impoverished communities. What theory explains this?

conflict

role exit

describe the process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and identity

characteristics of formal organization

designed for a special purpose, structured for maximum efficiency

according to Max Weber there are five basic characteristics that make up an ideal bureaucratic structure. Which of the of he following are those basic characteristics?

division of labor, hierarchy of authority, impersonality, written rules and regulations, employment based on technical qualifications

overzealous conformity to official rules and regulations is called

goal displacement

When people with similar norms, values and expectations interact with each other they form a _____

group

out group

group to which people feel like they dont belong

social role

is a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status.

Gesellschaft

is an ideal community that is characteristic of modern urban life. In this community most people are strangers who feel little in common with other residents

Gemeinschaft

is typical of rural life. It is a small community in which people have similar backgrounds and life experiences

if a specific group has the ability to deliberately affect the way we define and conceptualize our social reality, what do we know about that group?

it has power

the status that dominates the others and determines a persons general position in a society is called the

master status

in a society with few social roles and little division of labor and where most people can do many of the same things people experience _____

mechanical solidarity

agrarian

members of agrarian societies engage primarily in the production of food. However, technological innovations such as the plow allow farmers to dramatically increase their crop yields.

according to the scientific management approach, workers are assumed to be

motivated almost entirely by economic rewards, efficient becasue of scientific planning and careful supervision, a resouorce just like a machine

series of social relationships that link a person directly to others and indirectly to still more people is known as a social ____

network

role conflict

occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person

democratic organization will eventually develop into a bureaucracy rued by a few is called iron law of

oligarchy

horticulural

people plant seeds and crops rather than merely subsist on available foods; They place greater emphasis on the production of tools and household objects. technology is limited

A ___ group is a small group that is characterized by intimate, face to face association and cooperation

primary

hunting and gathering

relies on whatever food and fibers are readily availiable technology is minimal

The term social interaction refers to the ways in which people

respond to one another

the health care system, the mass media and the government are all examples of

social institutions

social reality is constructed from

social interaction, a particular groups power within a society, the ability of the dominant group to define the society's values

A set of expectations for people who occupy a given position or status is called a social ____

social role

All social interaction takes place within a ____ including those interactions that redefine social reality

social structure

which of the following refers to the long term trends in societies that result from the interplay of continuity, innovation, and selection?

sociocultural evolution

a person having a difficult time performing all of the duties required by their difficult and demanding job is experiencing role _____

strain

statuses, social roles, groups, social networks, and social institutions are the five elements of social _____

structure

the number of functions that a social institution must fulfill to survive. What are some of those functions?

teaching new recruits, providing a sense of purpose, preserving order

cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires is called___?

technology

interaction theorists believe that our social behavior is conditioned by

the institutions within we function, the roles and statuses we accept, the groups to which we belong

hypothesis that states every employee within a heirarchy tends to rise to his level of incompetence is known as

the peter principle

role strain

to describe the difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations.

Which of the following are characteristics of a typical bureaucracy?

written rules and regulations, division of labor, employment based on technical qualifications