SOC 101 Finale
For people who do not graduate from high school, their median yearly earnings are roughly: $14,000 $21,000 $34,000 $50,000
$21,000
What percentage of the U.S. nonelderly population (ages 0-64 years) was uninsured in 2017? 25% 10% 5% 0%
10%
Children make up roughly ____ of people in poverty. 10% 27% 31% 48%
31%
What percentage of the world's wealth do the richest 8 men have? 25% 50% 75% 90%
50%
Michelle Alexander is: A "tough on crime" politician A police chief in favor of reforming policing A legal scholar and writer None of these are correct
A legal scholar and writer
To an economic sociologist, business decisions might include: How the government regulates a business What the public thinks about a business How a business responds to people who protest or boycott it All of the above
All of the above
In the U.S. the teen pregnancy rate is: At historic highs At historic lows The same rate it has been since the 1970s None of these
At historic lows
In the pre-Civil Rights era, governments often banned African Americans from high-paying occupations. These laws were called: Jim Crow laws Black codes Taste discrimination Anti-suffrage measures
Black codes
Who developed the idea that we "do gender"? Judith Butler bell hooks Candace West and Don Zimmerman Paula England
Candace West and Don
Tina lives in a part of the U.S. where very expensive jewelry is popular among high school girls. Many girls pressuring their parents to buy them diamond rings. This is an example of: Culture jamming Conspicuous consumption Subculture None of these
Conspicuous consumption
A researcher collects existing medical records from a mental health clinic and studies them to see how doctors describe the symptoms of patients. They are especially interested in the language doctors use for male patients compared to female patients. Which research method best describes this study? Participant Observation Content Analysis Survey Experiment
Content Analysis
Corporations and elites using the cultures of more marginal and less powerful groups is called: Imperialism Corporate consolidation Cultural appropriation None of these
Cultural appropriation
Which measurement focuses on efficiency in carbon use and emissions? Total emissions Per capita emissions Emissions per unit of GDP None of these are correct
Emissions per unit of GDP
"Code switching" is the phenomenon of reinterpreting (or "switching") more urban fashion trends for online shoppers. True or False? True False
False
A hypothesis generally focuses on a broad, general statement. True or False? True False
False
According to Critical Race Theory, it is important to strive to be color blind. True False
False
Content analysis is the best research method for demonstrating that a causal relationship exists. True or False? True False
False
Critical perspectives generally agree that environmental interventions by the government are effective. True False
False
Greta Thunberg was inspired to skip school by children responding to climate change in the U.S. True False
False
Health care systems are not influenced by a society's values and ideologies. True or False? True False
False
Subcultural style should be understood as an example of how cultural consumption is largely a passive activity. True or False? True False
False
The treadmill of production theory suggests that technological innovations are a primary solution to environmental problems. True False
False
We are born into some of our achieved statuses. True or False? True False
False
The textbook says that fathers' paychecks sometimes increased from being a parent. This benefit in wages and perceived competence is called the: Parenthood benefit Patriarchal protection Motherhood penalty Fatherhood bonus
Fatherhood bonus
Cities located on coasts are already seeing increased flooding as climate change causes sea levels to rise. Locations like these that are first to experience problems from climate change are: Ecologically unequal communities Risk societies World societies Frontline communities
Frontline communities
The metaphor for barriers women face in the workplace that prevent them from reaching higher positions is the: Glass elevator Glass escalator Glass ceiling Class wall
Glass ceiling
In the last 50 years in the U.S., the number of blended families, a family with a step-parent, step-sibling, or half-sibling, has been: Going down Staying constant Going up None of these
Going up
The religious group with the largest proportion of followers in India is: Buddhism Islam Christianity Hinduism
Hinduism
Which of the following types of crime is not considered a violent crime? Home burglary Robbery Sexual assault None of these are correct
Home burglary
Which two groups make up what Gilbert refers to as the majority classes? Upper-middle and middle classes Working and lower classes Middle and working classes None of these are correct
Middle and working classes
According to the chapter, when people remarry, are they more or less likely to get another divorce? More Less
More
According to the textbook, in about how many states do mothers, on average, make as much as fathers? None About 25% About 50% Almost all
None
According to strain theory, there are five adaptations to social strain. Conformity and rebellion are two types of these adaptations. What are the other three? Ritualism, retreatism, and innovation Functionalism, retreatism, and innovation Conflict, innovation, and ritualism Conflict, retreatism, and functionalism
Ritualism, retreatism, and innovation
________ boundaries are the inequalities in access to resources (e.g., race, class, gender), while ________ boundaries are the conceptual ways people separate each other into groups (e.g., traditions, styles, tastes, classifications): Material, cultural Cultural, symbolic Material, symbolic Social, symbolic
Social, symbolic
Which of these countries provides the least amount of parental leave by law? Canada The US Chile Mexico
The US
Conjoint constitution refers to: The fact that society affects the environment and the environment also affects society In a world society, nations sign agreements to protect the environment Ecologically unequal exchange theory undermines government authority In a weak state, social movements are able to push for environmental protections
The fact that society affects the environment and the environment also affects society
On average, White men have higher wages than women of any race. True or False? True False
True
Doctors, lawyers, and accountants fit into which category in Dennis Gilbert's model of class structure? Upper-middle class Middle class Capitalist class Working class
Upper-middle class
What sorts of things might an economic sociologist study? How people come to believe in God Why some religions prohibit charging interest on loans All of the above None of the above
Why some religions prohibit charging interest on loans
Finke and Stark's theory can best be described as: a) The exact opposite of Peter Berger's b) Explaining variation in religious participation over time c) Explaining variation in religious participation across nations d) All of these
d) All of these
An example of a disagreement in the culture wars is: a) Differences of opinion over styles of speech b) Differences of opinion over homosexuality c) Differences of opinion over abortion d) Both B and C
d) Both B and C
When there is a lot more money than usual in the economy and the price of things goes up, this is called: inflation deflation disinflation stagflation
inflation
While_________ is a marriage arrangement in which one man has multiple wives, ______ is a marriage arrangement in which one woman has multiple husbands. polygyny/ polyandry polyandry/ polygyny polygamy/ polyamory None of these pairs
polygyny/ polyandry
Mike Davis made which of the following arguments: a) Cities are an engine of prosperity b) Cities are a force for eradicating poverty c) Cities have been shaped to reinforce exclusion d) Cities generate economic innovation
Cities are an engine of prosperity
Religion is: Profane Collective Losing meaning in society Competitive
Collective
Black-White inequalities in infant mortality can be explained by the fact that Black women have greater rates of hypertension and diabetes compared to White women. True or False? True False
False
Climate denial is driven by citizens refusal to believe scientists. True False
False
High culture and low culture do not mix. True or False? True False
False
Higher-income students and lower-income students are equally likely to be placed in the highest academic track. True or False? True False
False
Most of the humans now live in rural areas. True or False? True False
False
On average, men and women are paid at the same rate in the U.S. True or False? True False
False
When the government declares the value of currency, it is called: Fiat money Commodity-based money Cryptocurrency Government bonds
Fiat money
The classification system that allows for only two separate gender categories is known as: Nurture Gender binary The social construction of gender None of these
Gender binary
The values and norms of our larger social group, which we use to guide our own actions, are called the: Social status Socialization Generalized other Self-concept
Generalized other
The field that looks at social organization in cities and the connection to the environment is: Rural sociology Urban sociology World society Human ecology
Human ecology
Push and pull factors are useful to help understand what process? Urbanization Globalization Immigration None of these are correct
Immigration
The specific group or item you will observe for your research project is your: Research question Independent variable Dependent variable Unit of analysis
Independent variable
Social reactions to deviance make an action deviant, not anything characteristic to the action itself. This is an idea posited by which theoretical perspective? Functionalist theory Labeling theory Conflict theory Economic theory
Labeling theory
Stephanie Coontz argues that for most of history, it was inconceivable that someone would marry for Religion Love Money All of these
Love
Your thoughts and feelings about yourself are your: Self-concept Generalized other Socialization outcomes None of the above
Self-concept
A police officer decides to pull over a driver because he is driving too fast. This is an example of a government policy. True False
True
According to fundamental cause theory, health behaviors are considered a downstream cause of health. True or False? True False
True
Black infants are substantially more likely to die before their first birthday than White infants. True or False? True False
True
Ecological modernization theory argues that economic development is compatible with improved environmental protection. True False
True
Living in cities that are racially segregated is harmful to the health of Black infants but generally not for White infants. True or False? True False
True
Many of those who identify as having no religion were raised with a religion but were turned off by the politics of the religious right. True or False? True False
True
Population counts of the homeless population in the United States indicate the homeless population is increasing. True or False? True False
True
The goal of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was to make health care accessible for more Americans, particularly those who could not easily pay for the costs of health care. True or False? True False
True
Women attend college at higher rates than men. True or False? True False
True
Women have longer life expectancies than men and live with more non-fatal chronic diseases than men. True or False? True False
True
According to the theory of complex religion, we have to understand religion in relation to: Race Class Gender All of these
All of these
People can influence government through: Voting Activism Running for office All of these are correct
All of these are correct
Socialization is a process that shapes our identity and teaches us the values, morals, beliefs, and ways of acting and thinking that are expected in our society. True or False? True False
True
Taxation is the power of states to collect money, even if a person does not wish to pay. True False
True
The most popular ideologies in America are liberalism and conservatism. True or False? True False
True
The richest 1% of the world's population owns more wealth than the rest of the 99% combined. True or False? True False
True
Since the 1990s, the increased rate of immigration, reduced rate of lead exposure, and the expansion of police forces across the country are all possible contributions to which change? a) The increase of violence and violent crime b) The decrease of violence and violent crime c) The increase in the suicide rate d) The decrease in the suicide rate
b) The decrease of violence and violent crime
In most societies, some people possess a lot of money while most people possess a little bit of money. This gap is called: Income inequality Income financing Income appropriation Income exploitation
Income inequality
Which writer is best known for claiming that markets are inherently unfair? Karl Marx Adam Smith Devah Pager Joseph Schumpeter
Karl Marx
Which of the following is not a social institution? Mass media Peer group Healthcare Government
Peer group
Which is not considered a type of white-collar crime? Fraud Embezzlement Unethical business practices Property damage
Property damage
Social control is exerted: Through the medical profession Through the medicalization of everyday phenomena By dictating how we should behave when we are sick All of these are correct
All of these are correct
What is a major lesson of economic sociology? Our jobs are often tied to opportunities associated with our background Economic transactions are influenced by our cultural beliefs We create economic institutions to coordinate our purchasing behavior All of these are correct
All of these are correct
Which of the following is an example of social closure in workplaces that might increase wages? People need medical licenses to practice medicine Taxi drivers need special permission from city governments to transport passengers People hiring only people from the same ethnic group All of these are correct
All of these are correct
Which of the following is NOT a reason it is difficult to take action to combat climate change? The effects of climate change are not easy to see directly Americans do not care about environmental problems Regions that rely on natural resources such as oil may oppose efforts to stop climate change Misinformation confuses people about whether climate change is a serious problem
Americans do not care about environmental problems
According to Weber, what religious group is responsible for inspiring American culture and capitalism? Ascetic Protestants Catholics Anglicans Agnostics
Ascetic Protestants
Which group is least likely to be tracked into non-academic courses? Hispanic students Asian students Black students White students
Asian students
Homeless individuals are more likely to be male than female. True or False? True False
True
Language is a form of non-material culture. True or False? True False
True
Race-neutral policies can still lead to racially unequal outcomes. True or False? True False
True
Residential segregation between African Americans and Whites has decreased since 1980. True or false? True False
True
About how much funding for K-12 schools comes from the federal government? 10% 25% 30% 60%
10%
Since 2009, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has studied trends in family structures and relations. They predict four big areas of change. Which is NOT one of these areas? Sociocultural Demographic Socioeconomic Biochemical
Biochemical
Social groups consist of two or more people who interact regularly and share similar values and expectations. True or False? True False
True
In the last few decades, remarriage has been: On the decline Staying relatively constant On the rise None of these
On the rise
Groups that use protest and disruptive tactics are often called social movements. True or False? True False
True
Having a disability places a person at risk of poverty. True or False? True False
True
In the United States, the two party system (in which most people belong to one of two major parties) is an official policy. True False
False
Jane Jacobs believed that cities make us apathetic towards each other. True or False? True False
False
Joann Golann's research found that "no excuses" charter schools helped students learn the norms that they would need to follow in college. True or False? True False
False
Low-income parents are most likely to seek out a charter school for their children. True or False? True False
False
Micro-sociology focuses on large-scale social structures, while macro-sociology emphasizes individual identities and small-scale interactions with other people. True or False? True False
False
Most social scientists agree that ending the trend toward urbanization is the most promising way that we can reduce damage to the environment. True or false? True False
False
People in the U.S. are getting married earlier than ever before. True or False? True False
False
Police departments continue to control the sole statistical data available to measure homicide rates in the United States. True or False? True False
False
Population counts of the homeless population in the United States indicate the homeless population is increasing. True or False? True False
False
Religiosity is another name for religious affiliation. True or False? True False
False
Statistics from RAINN (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network) indicate that 1 out of every 6 American women has been the victim of an attempted or completed rape in her lifetime. True or False? True False
False
Talcott Parsons believed that communities have a set of collective representations, which help to create social order and build cohesion. True or False? True False
False
The defining feature of governments is that they offer cheap college education. True False
False
The difference between welfare states and corporatist states is the amount of military spending by the government True False
False
The text offers which example of a social movement that was decentralized and had no leadership? The Civil Rights Movement Occupy Wall Street The American Revolution The Tea Party
Occupy Wall Street
Calls to defund the police often suggest shifting resources from police departments to other agencies that provide services to city residents. True False
True
Cisgender means a person's gender identity matches what they were assigned at birth. True or False? True False
True
Conflict theory argues that those who have the power to define, correct, and enforce deviance will do so as long as it is in line with their own social status? True or False? True False
True
Economic segregation has risen over the past several decades. True or False? True False
True
Finding a mate through "traditional," or face-to-face means, is becoming more difficult due to societal complexity. True or False? True False
True
Given Weber's definition of a state, we might say that a state is no longer a state if it has erupted into civil war. True False
True
A megaregion consists of: a) Cities connected by economic activity b) Industries in different countries linked with each other c) A single city that has grown to cover a large area d) None of these are correct
a) Cities connected by economic activity
Why is nonresponse bias a problem for researchers? a) It makes it difficult to generalize findings to the larger population b) It makes it difficult to use interval variables c) It changes the operationalization of the variables d) It makes it difficult to identify the condition of interest
a) It makes it difficult to generalize findings to the larger population
What criticism of Betty Friedan's book The Feminine Mystique is noted in the chapter? a) The book focuses on the experiences of White middle- and upper-class women b) The book misrepresents the experiences of the LGBTQ community c) The book says that men can't be feminists d) The book is based on unethical research methods
a) The book focuses on the experiences of White middle- and upper-class women
Papachristos and Wildeman compared the spread of violent crime to ________. Fill in the blank. a) A wave that covers wide areas b) A ripple that spreads outward in a radius from an epicenter c) A painting created by splashing paint on a canvas in an unpredictable pattern
b) A ripple that spreads outward in a radius from an epicenter
Claude Fischer's subcultural theory of urbanism argues that: a) Groups of people with unusual or extreme lifestyles are just as likely to be found in rural areas as in urban areas b) The size and density of cities leads to more diverse, extreme lifestyles and cultures c) Lifestyles and cultures within the city are really not all that different from the lifestyles and cultures found in rural areas d) None of these are correct
b) The size and density of cities leads to more diverse, extreme lifestyles and cultures
According to Bryk and colleagues, improving urban schools requires the following five things: a student-centered learning environment, positive ties between families and educators, strong teachers, ambitious instruction, and: a) Zero-tolerance approaches to discipline b) Extensive after-school and extra-curricular offerings c) A strong school leader d) Weekly assessments of student learning
c) A strong school leader
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of total institutions? a) They have near complete control over the lives of the people within them b) They reduce signs of individuality c) Only governments have the power to create total institutions d) They teach members to think of themselves as part of the larger group
c) Only governments have the power to create total institutions
Urban ethnography is a research method that involves: a) Assessing population growth using quantitative data about neighborhoods or cities b) Monitoring invasive species c) Spending time in a community or city and learning about it from within d) All of these are correct
c) Spending time in a community or city and learning about it from within
The term "second-generation segregation" refers to: a) Segregation at the college level b) The return of segregated schools c) Within-school segregation caused by racial tracking d) The experiences of children whose parents attended segregated school
c) Within-school segregation caused by racial tracking
Which of the following is not an accepted guideline for ethical research? a) Participation must be voluntary b) The risks of a study must be balanced by the potential benefits c) Subjects must be able to leave the study at any time d) Participants must be paid fairly for their time
d) Participants must be paid fairly for their time