SOC-215 Exam #2

Out of the households that qualify for housing assistance, ______ percent receive it.

25

In the late 1800s, one of the solutions to "the Indian Problem" involved forcing thousands of American Indian children into boarding schools. In the schools, they were disciplined through beatings in an attempt to make them learn the values of white Americans.Which concept does this reflect?

Assimilation

The Ku Klux Klan didn't only terrorize blacks. Which of the following groups were also targeted by the KKK?

Catholics Native Americans

Match this term: Immigrants seek out ethnic enclaves but could afford to live elsewhere.

Ethnic community thesis

Math this term: Virtually all members of a group live exclusively in one set of neighborhoods.

Ghettoization

From 2000 to 2010, poverty levels in the suburbs_______.

Increased

In the Western expansion of the nineteenth century, many North Americans believed that all of North America and the lands of Mexico should belong to the United States, and in fact, that this expansion was God's will. This belief was known as ________.

Manifest Destiny

The United States is more segregated today than it was at the endow the Civil War?

True

In the early 1900's, cities became increasingly segregated. Which of the following factors contributed to this trend?

Urbanization, industrialization, and migration

Between 1850 and 1882, the Chinese population in the United States grew to 100,000. How did this Chinese immigration help American capitalists?

Chinese immigrants provided an expendable labor force. Whites's wages were kept lower. Chinese immigrants helped develop the railroads.

Civil rights advocates promoted "open housing" and an end to legalized housing discrimination. Which of the following pieces of legislation put this into law?

Civil Rights Act 1968

Biracial adolescents raised in white suburbs often identify as white until they participate in which institution or activity?

College

Place the events in order from first to last.

Columbus sails to Guanahan .Cortés and his men are welcomed to Tenochtitlán. The Aztecs are forced to work as farmers, miners, builders, and servants to the Spanish. Spanish colonizers reject Leyes Nuevas.

Which of these examples from Chapter 2 best illustrate a perspective of intersectionality?

Compared to men, slave women lived in constant fear of rape from their master. Sojourner Truth critiqued the feminist movement for fighting for women's right to vote, but ignoring the plight of black women. Relative to other racial groups, poor whites enjoyed social status during slavery.

The development of the concept of race must be understood in the context of modernity, which encompassed a new set of beliefs, practices, and worldviews. Match each person to his correct accomplishment that contributed to the rising of modernity. He was the first to argue that the Earth rotated around the sun.

Copernicus

What invention from the late 1700s dramatically increased the demand for slave labor in the United States?

Cotton Gin

The violent enforcement of racial segregation and degradation continued to relegate nonwhites to neighborhoods stripped of city services, bereft of jobs, and ignored by politicians, simmering with a sentiment of discontent. In the mid 1960's, many of these neighborhoods exploded. Match each location to the correct description of the uprising. The uprising left forty-three dead (most of them shot by police) and more than 2,500 buildings looted and burned.

Detroit

If the Spanish rather than the English had colonized North America, which of the following would most likely have happened?

Differences in skin tones in the United States would be less pronounced today.

Which European countries were most important for giving birth to the system of racial classification that we have today?

England, and Spain

Much of the early labor was completed by indentured servants. For example, ex-prisoners were brought from _________ jails. Over time, indentured servitude in America steadily evolved into slavery. However, __________ people did not make good slaves because they knew little about farming and agriculture. ______________________ people did not make good slaves because their numbers were rapidly declining. Only ______________ people knew farming and did not blend in with local populations. Spanish

English, Irish, Native American, African.

A Somalian immigrant moves into a Somalian community in Columbus, Ohio where some of his family members live. He did not consider living in other communities. His friends try to convince him to move into a different part of the city, but he eventually buys a house in the same community. What concept does this example reflect?

Ethnic community thesis

Middle-class blacks are less segregated from whites than poor blacks.

Flase

Racial classifications justified racial inequality by suggesting that this inequality was a natural ordering of the world. The idea emerged that all human behavior, including morality and diligence, was hereditary, and this was most famously associated with ______________. He coined the term ______________ to refer to a program that would ensure genetic purity. But some scientists, such as _________________ did critique these ideas and argued that such differences emerge from society. However, scientific theories that supported ______________________ were more likely to be backed by the power elite than theories that challenged the status quo.

Francis Galton, eugenics, Ashley Montagu, white supremacy

Between the European discovery of America and the early twentieth century, new racial discourses—collections of ideas about race that were developed by secular authorities such as philosophers, writers, and scientists—rose to prominence and helped to form classification systems riveted in white supremacy. Match each person to his correct contribution. first person to use the term "race" to label and separate human bodies

François Bernier

Which of these people taught themselves to read and write as a slave, escaped from slavery at age nineteen, and went on to be an influential speaker and writer (including writing the bestseller My Bondage and My Freedom)?

Frederick Douglass

Between 1910 and 1930, more than 1.5 million African Americans traveled north, and 3 million followed between 1940 and 1960. This movement of people is knows as the....?

Great Migration

The violent enforcement of racial segregation and degradation continued to relegate nonwhites to neighborhoods stripped of city services, bereft of jobs, and ignored by politicians, simmering with a sentiment of discontent. In the mid 1960's, many of these neighborhoods exploded. Match each location to the correct description of the uprising. Six nights of rioting in 1964 sparked by the police killing of a fifteen-year-old African American boy.

Harlem

Many slaves and their white allies made efforts to fight against slavery and free enslaved people. Match each person to his or her correct accomplishment. made many trips to the South to guide slaves to freedom in the North

Harriet Tubman

Between the European discovery of America and the early twentieth century, new racial discourses—collections of ideas about race that were developed by secular authorities such as philosophers, writers, and scientists—rose to prominence and helped to form classification systems riveted in white supremacy. Match each person to his correct contribution. wrote a detailed philosophical account of a racialized human nature

Immanuel Kant

Between 1990 and 2010, the share of metropolitan census tracts that are racially integrated ________________. Furthermore, 75 percent of neighborhoods that were integrated in the 1980s _______________ integrated a decade later. Segregation has dropped the most in cities of the ______________________.

Increased, remained, West and Southwest

Many Irish people were forcibly taken to North America, where they worked for three or four years before being granted their freedom. Which of the following concepts reflects this example?

Indentured servitude

As the American capitalist economy grew into the 1800s, whites sought more land to turn into profit. However, Native Americans still occupied much of the land. To deal with this "Indian problem," the U.S. government passed a number of laws that removed Indians from their land.The following events were part of this process. Place the events in order from first to last.

Indian Removal Act, Indian Intercourse Act, Trail of Tears, General Allotment Act

The development of the nation-state was a contributing factor in the later development of race. What was unique about the nation-state in this process?

It facilitated a powerful new "imagined community."

Between the European discovery of America and the early twentieth century, new racial discourses—collections of ideas about race that were developed by secular authorities such as philosophers, writers, and scientists—rose to prominence and helped to form classification systems riveted in white supremacy. Match each person to his correct contribution. published a typology of humanity that divided humans into five geographical/racial groups

Johann Blumenbach

Many slaves and their white allies made efforts to fight against slavery and free enslaved people. Match each person to his or her correct accomplishment. a white man who organized several armed insurrections in the name of black liberation

John Brown

Even during the height of slavery, most whites in the South did not own slaves because they were too poor. Furthermore, the system of slavery had mixed impacts on poor whites. Match each description to the correct effect. higher because of black slavery

Levels of social respect

Why is interracial conflicts between blacks and Koreans so high today?

Many poor blacks feel that Korean entrepreneurs have taken their jobs.

The development of the concept of race must be understood in the context of modernity, which encompassed a new set of beliefs, practices, and worldviews. Match each person to his correct accomplishment that contributed to the rising of modernity. His narratives provided accounts of Asian lands that Europeans never knew existed.

Marco Polo

The development of the concept of race must be understood in the context of modernity, which encompassed a new set of beliefs, practices, and worldviews. Match each person to his correct accomplishment that contributed to the rising of modernity. His ideas sparked the Protestant Reformation.

Martin Luther

Which of the following were consequences of the Mexican Repatriation Programs?

Mexican immigrants were sent back ton Mexico, American citizens were erroneously sent to Mexico.

In the early and mid-1900s, migration and urbanization dramatically changed American cities. On the one hand, __________ were forcibly removed from cities across the country but ________________________ were pushed into cities through public policy. The latter migration was forced, in part, by the loss of some __________ from the federal government. __________________________ voluntarily migrated into cities in hopes of better economic opportunities.

Mexicans, Native Americans, tribal statuses, African Americans

Many slaves and their white allies made efforts to fight against slavery and free enslaved people. Match each person to his or her correct accomplishment. led one of the most significant slave revolts, which killed sixty whites

Nat Turner

Throughout the early 1900s, the racial and economic landscape of American cities and towns gradually changed. Which of the following describes how neighborhoods were distinguished from one another in the 1920s as compared to the earlier part of the century?

Neighborhood distinctions shifted from ethnic divisions to race and class distinctions.

Which of the following are reasons why housing segregation persists today?

On average, whites prefer to live in neighborhoods where they are the majority On average, whites are more wealthy than Hispanics Real estate steer white home buyers to white neighborhoods and nonwhites to other neighborhoods

A Paiute spiritual leader, Wovoka, developed the Ghost Dance, which spread across other Native American tribes. Why were whites fearful of the Ghost Dance movement?

Other tribes interpreted Wovoka's prophesies as foretelling the destruction of the whites.

Racial uprising were expressions of rage and suffering caused by a racist system. Many started as protests against __________________________ within their communities. The majority of whites surveyed in 1968 felt the uprising mainly were caused by ____________________________________________. Nearly half of all blacks surveyed believed the uprisings were a reaction to _____________________. Some people refused to call them riots. for example, Tommy Jacquette, what twenty-one years of age participated in the Watts revolt, said "...we call it __________ because it had a legitimate purpose."

Police action, looters and undesireables, discrimination, a revolt.

Federal law encouraged racial segregation because lawmakers feared that integrated neighborhoods would in unrest that would decrease _______________. They permitted _____________, which denied loans to certain nonwhite groups prevented them from owning homes. Furthermore, entire black or Puerto Rican neighborhoods were razed in the name of __________________. This was the first time that the government was permitted to seize property for _________________________.

Property values, reading, urban renewal, another individual's use

Real estate agents, known as "blockbusting" agents, often saw large profits in neighborhood integration. Which strategies did they use to benefit from integrating neighborhoods?

Putting up fliers that proclaimed the "take over" of the neighborhood by nonwhites, Paying black children to go door to door, Selling homes to nonwhites at above-market rates.

After the Spanish conquered and began ruling Tenochtitlán and the Aztecs, racial classifications began to take shape, but the categories were blurry and numerous. Why was this the case?

Racial miscegenation was responsible for the blurring of racial classifications.

Many hazardous waste disposal firms target Native American reservations as locations for their businesses. Which of the following correctly explain why reservations are attractive places for these firms?

Reservations residents are economically vulnerable, reservations are not subject to state laws regarding dumping.

Who was the infamous city planner who evicted hundreds of thousands of people from their homes to remake New York City neighborhoods and infrastructure?

Robert Moses

Between the European discovery of America and the early twentieth century, new racial discourses—collections of ideas about race that were developed by secular authorities such as philosophers, writers, and scientists—rose to prominence and helped to form classification systems riveted in white supremacy. Match each person to his correct contribution. British poet of "The White Man's Burden"

Rudyard Kipling

Which own the following best explains why poorer neighborhoods have poorer public schools?

Schools are largely funded through local property taxes.

The journey of African slaves from their homelands across the Atlantic Ocean was a perilous journey in which many slaves died. Which of the following are true about Africans's experiences aboard slave ships, and which are not?

Slaves died of dehydration. Slaves were force-fed. Slaves were raped by ship captains and crew.

Match this term: New immigrants self-segregate in enclaves and rely on the enclave economy for their start.

Spital Assimilation

If the American Revolution shared the same basic characteristics as the Haitian Revolution, which of the following would likely have happened?

The American Civil War may not have happened.

Consider these four individuals: a Hispanic teacher earning $60,000 per year, an African American salesperson earning $62,000 per year, a Hispanic janitor earning $8,000 per hour, and an African American food service worker earning $8.10 per hour. Based on this information, who would you expect about the diversity in the neighborhoods in which they live?

The Hispanic earning $60,000 per year would live in a less segregated neighborhood than the others.

Beginning in 1865, ___________ was formed to maintain white supremacy. Among other things, they stopped blacks from voting. As Reconstruction was ending, Jim Crow segregation was put into place. The term "Jim Crow" was taken from a song created by _________________________________ , who popularized ___________________. Segregation was later given full legal weight with the 1896 Supreme Court case, ____________________.

The KKK, Thomas "Daddy" Rice, minstrel shows, Plessy v. Ferguson

There are four home buyers who are black, white, Native American, and Asian. They have similar jobs, similar levels of income and wealth, and are equally qualified for a mortgage loan. They each work with the same realtor to find a house to purchase. Based on this information, which of the following outcomes would you expect?

The white home buyer would be least likely to be shown homes in the integrated neighborhoods.

Consider a scenario where a starving slave was caught stealing food from the plantation on which she was enslaved. As punishment, the slave owner gave the slave thirty-nine lashes. As a result of receiving the lashes, the slave died. Under the slave laws, which of the following crimes were committed, and which were not?

Theft

Historians have documented many small acts of resistance on the part of slaves. For example, they sang songs about the fall of slavery, made jokes at their masters's expense, purposefully left tools out in the rain, and released their masters's livestock. Which statements explain why the slaves did this?

They wanted to demonstrate that they did not believe the things that their white masters told them to believe. They wanted to maintain their dignity and honor.

Between 1886 and 1935, Jews, Poles, Slavs, Hungarians, Ukrainians, Armenians, Greeks, Italians, and other immigrants from South, Central, and Eastern Europe streamed into the United States.Which statement best describes how native-born white Americans initially treated these groups?

They were simultaneously treated as inferior races but also had some white privileges.

The state of Colorado does not have a policy about where its hazardous waste disposal sites are located. Private companies build their disposal sites and incinerators more closely to Hispanics and Native American communities only because these locations have cheaper plots of land. Bases on this information, which of the following is correct?

This is an example of environmental racism.

The development of the concept of race must be understood in the context of modernity, which encompassed a new set of beliefs, practices, and worldviews. Match each person to his correct accomplishment that contributed to the rising of modernity. He coined the term "utopia."

Thomas More

The following text is an excerpt that circulated on a Native American listers: "Things Native Americans Can Say to a White Person upon First Meeting One" 1. Where's your powdered wig? 2. Do you live in a covered wagon? 3. What's the meaning behind the square dance? 4. What's your feeling about riverboat casinos? Do they really help or are they just a short-term fix? 5. I learned all about your people's ways in the Boy Scouts Which of the following describes the author's intention for posting this message?

To emphasize the similarities between how whites and Native Americans live, To highlight stereotypes about Native Americans.

Which of the following were outcomes of the Mexican-American War?

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A year after the policy of Forty Acres and a Mule was implemented, it was overturned and the seized land was returned to plantation owners.

True

Compared to their middle-class counterparts, poor whites are more likely to be stereotyped as racist.

True

In 1676, an uprising called Bacon's Rebellion occurred in the settlement of Jamestown. In this uprising, whites and blacks fought together against plantation owners.

True

Members of some "African" tribes actively participated in the slave trade.

True

One American eugenics program that intended to control the population of the "lower races" was forced sterilization, which was legal until the 1970s.

True

The racial uprisings throughout the 1960s directly resulted in policies aimed at improving conditions in the ghetto.

True

The violent enforcement of racial segregation and degradation continued to relegate nonwhites to neighborhoods stripped of city services, bereft of jobs, and ignored by politicians, simmering with a sentiment of discontent. In the mid 1960's, many of these neighborhoods exploded. Match each location to the correct description of the uprising. Resulted from the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

Uprisings across the country

In the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the United States acquired the lands that comprise which U.S. states (or parts of those states) today?

Utah New Mexico California Arizona Texas Nevada

The violent enforcement of racial segregation and degradation continued to relegate nonwhites to neighborhoods stripped of city services, bereft of jobs, and ignored by politicians, simmering with a sentiment of discontent. In the mid 1960's, many of these neighborhoods exploded. Match each location to the correct description of the uprising. A weeklong riot in 1965 that resulted in the deaths of thirty-four people (twenty-five black) and more that 1,000 injuries

Watts

Which of the following were essential for the invention of whiteness and blackness?

White indentured servants viewed themselves differently from black slaves. Europeans perceived they had something in common. Tribal and ethnic differences among blacks were erased.

Even during the height of slavery, most whites in the South did not own slaves because they were too poor. Furthermore, the system of slavery had mixed impacts on poor whites. Match each description to the correct effect. lower because of black slavery

White laborers's wages

Which of the following were results of the end of the legal segregation and the start of "open housing"?

Whites stayed in their previously segregated neighborhoods but resisted integration and threatened nonwhite newcomers, Black middle-class residents left the inner city, whites moved to the suburbs

Place the groups in order based on their suburbanization rates from most likely to least likely to live in the suburbs.

Whites, Asians, Hispanics, Blacks

Many slaves and their white allies made efforts to fight against slavery and free enslaved people. Match each person to his or her correct accomplishment. "father of the underground railroad"

William Still

America's sprawling suburbs originated as a racial creation, and that remains true today. Which ok the following were used in the design of suburbs to reinforce racial separation.

Zoning laws, covenants, distance from the inner city.

During the so-called Age of Discovery, Europeans were defining themselves as a collective group against the "strange" peoples of the East. As a result, people from China, Japan, and other Asian countries, as well as those from the Middle East, came to the United States already perceived as __________ . This process helped the American military to overthrow the monarchy and annex the islands of _________ . It also helped to provoke sentiment against the Chinese, who worked in the California goldmines and were segregated in their own schools. It ultimately made it easier to pass the Immigration Act of 1924, which prohibited nearly all Asian immigration.

an "other", Hawaii, Chinese

In the years 1865-1875, right after the Civil War, which of the following policies were implemented to improve the conditions of freed blacks?

citizenship rights for black men citizenship rights for black women voting rights for black men

Starting in the late 1800s, the swelling waves of immigrants from Southern, Eastern, and Central Europe resulted in a kind of fracturing of American whiteness. How did these groups eventually come to be considered simply "white" as they are today?

organizing through unions by leveraging white employers' racial prejudices the conceptual differentiation of "race" and "ethnicity" socially attacking nonwhites

The General Allotment Act dealt with American Indians by doing which of the following?

redistributing Native American land to white settlers removing their collective societies and individualizing them

Which of the following contributed to the rapid decline of the American Indian population in North America?

wars with the English diseases domesticated animals

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, immigrants from Austria, Hungary, Italy, Russia and other "old world" countries, flocked to America. How many million of these immigrants came to the United States between 1886 and 1935?

13 million

Poor Native Americans and African Americans are exposed to some of the worst air and water pollution in the country. This poses serious health risks to these groups. For example, compared to the national average, Native Americans living on reservations are _______ times more likely to die of diabetes. Approximately ______ percent of African American lives in areas with toxic waste dumps. More than ______ percent of all public housing units are located within a miles radius factories emitting toxic gases,

2.8, 60, 46

In 2050, it is estimated that Latinos will comprise _____ percent of the population.

30

Only 1 in ____ households that qualify for housing assistance received it, thereby forcing many people to live in housing they cannot afford. As a result, evictions are common, especially in poor, minority neighborhoods. In the city of Milwaukee, landlords carry out roughly ____ evictions per day. The consequences of eviction include depression, residential instability, and increase likelihood of _______________.

4, 16, job loss.

The history of northern cities, such as Detroit, Chicago, Milwaukee, and Gary, illustrate important changes in the racial composition of thieir neighborhoods. Current segregation measures in these cities are approximately _____ percent.

85

Even during the height of slavery, most whites in the South did not own slaves because they were too poor. Furthermore, the system of slavery had mixed impacts on poor whites. Match each description to the correct effect. independent of black slavery

Ability to vote

The authors draw upon Massey and Denton's observation that "a ghetto is a set of neighborhoods that are exclusively inhabited bye members of now group, within which virtually all members of that group live" Based on this definition, which groups have experienced ghettoization in the United States?

African Americans

During the so-called Age of Discovery, Europeans were defining themselves as a collective group against the "strange" peoples of the East. As a result, people from China, Japan, and other Asian countries, as well as those from the Middle East, came to the United States already perceived as ___________. This process helped the American military to overthrow the monarchy and annex the islands of __________. It also helped to provoke sentiment against the ____________, who worked in the California goldmines and were segregated in their own schools. It ultimately made it easier to pass the Immigration Act of 1924, which prohibited nearly all _________ immigration.

An "other", Hawaii, Chinese, Asian

Consider a situation where a child was born as a result of a white man raping a black slave. Under the slave laws, how would the child's race be classified?

Black

Harriet Jacobs wrote that slavery "is terrible for men; but it is far more terrible for women." Slave women had to have sex with anyone their master instructed. These masters prided themselves on having a good ____________________. As such, it encouraged more rape because the ____________ then became slaves, thereby increasing their wealth. In legal terms, rape of a slave was __________________.

Breeding women, children, not a crime.