Soc 301 Race in America

Your textbook discusses the importance of geography for one's identity, and includes an example of how white northerners in the United States fail to recognize their own racism. This failing occurs because

northern whites are more likely to understand racism as a southern phenomenon.

Which industry that exploits the economic plight of the poor and racial minorities does Chapter 11 note as having more stores across the United States than McDonald's restaurants?

payday lenders

What is identity politics?

political action intended to address the unique interests and hardships of groups who have faced oppression

You overhear your coworker saying "I can never say what's on my mind anymore. Everyone is so sensitive and I hate having to tiptoe around everyone's feelings when we talk about issues in this country." This statement is an example of your coworker's dislike of

political correctness.

In 1930s America, economic pressures resulted in which of the following impacts for nonwhite families?

programs forced repatriation of Mexicans and Mexican Americans to Mexico

Consider the trend in American attitudes about interracial marriage. From 1968 to 2008, the percentage of Americans favoring interracial marriage

quadrupled.

Whites are least likely to marry outside their

race.

The fact that our religious institutions are racially and ethnically segregated is an example of

racial homophily in religious life.

To argue that schools should adjust their curriculum so that African, Asian, and indigenous accounts of history be incorporated with equal weight alongside European accounts is to advocate for

racial justice and democracy.

Martin Luther King, Jr. once remarked that church services on Sunday mornings remain one of society's most ________ hours.

racially segregated

When looking at whiteness via the lens of Goffman's dramaturgical approach, we find that the front stage and back stage

tend to be blurred into one stage for whites, so they do not need to be reflexive about their racial practices.

What is boundary work?

the collection of practices by which people maintain or challenge racial relations of exclusivity or inclusivity

White slave masters forcing black women to bear children prior to the Civil War and the forced sterilization of black women in the 1970s are different examples of the same phenomenon, which is best described as

white control of black female sexuality.

What are the limits of "diversity training"?

Diversity training has expanded to incorporate so much difference that it signals human variation instead of calling forth structural racism.

During the period of urbanization in American society that was part of the industrial revolution, America imported a model of slum exploitation that had been widespread in what region?

Europe

Which of the following is a reason that black marriages are twice as likely to end in divorce as whites?

High levels of poverty and high incarceration rates can strain marriages.

As the debate over immigration has intensified, the percentage of ________ who are the target of reported hate crimes increased from 17 percent in 2004 to ________ in 2012.

Hispanics; 30 percent

The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was largely a white Protestant organization, formed with the explicit purpose of promoting racial and ethnic conflict. But it wasn't the only one. Another example the textbook gives is ________ associations established to wage battle with ________ ones.

Irish; Italian

Barry is a black man who has developed _____, and thus can imagine how he looks from the perspective of other African Americans as well as whites.

a double consciousness

In the early twentieth century, Marcus Garvey advocated a black nationalism movement that can be described as

a movement seeking power for blacks in the form of black-owned businesses and a black-run government and military.

In contrast to the models of color-blindness and multiculturalism, racial democracy envisions an "ideal America" as

a place where people are liberated beyond the structural restraints of the legacies associated with their racial and ethnic groups through a systematic redress of racial injustices.

According to Elijah Anderson, a "cosmopolitan canopy" is

a pluralistic space where people come to appreciate one another's differences and empathize with each other.

The practice known as a "Mississippi appendectomy" is best described by which of the following?

a sterilization performed on a poor black woman in the South without her consent

According to sociologist Kenneth Clark, for some lower-class girls, an out-of-wedlock birth is

a symbol of their womanhood.

Because in many cases a man who lived as a slave could not stop his master from beating his son or raping his daughter, fatherhood under slavery was denied in a way that

all but completely eliminated the role of husband and father for most enslaved black men.

In American history, assimilation

led to out-groups losing their distinctive identities over time and gradually becoming absorbed into preexisting, overarching American identity.

An elementary school that recognizes holidays of various groups during the fall and winter by having children make crafts relating to the African-American celebration of Kwanzaa, the Christian celebration of Christmas, the Jewish celebration of Hanukkah, and the American civic celebration of Thanksgiving is most likely adopting which of the following frameworks?

multiculturalism

Which of the following is a central explanation for why African Americans are disadvantaged regarding marriage, compared to whites and Latinos?

Black men are unemployed at higher rates than white and Latino men.

How did the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) change during the twentieth century?

Black women organized and helped transform the YWCA from a racially segregated organization into one that prioritized racial justice.

Some people have argued that the ideas of color-blindness and multiculturalism are not really that different from one another. Which of the following statements best explains this argument?

Both color-blindness and multiculturalism avoid difficult discussions of institutional racism and structural inequalities.

In America, ________ were the most likely to experience racial or religious discrimination in 2014.

Muslims

Why is it acceptable for nonwhites to demand racial power (e.g., "Black Power") but unacceptable for whites to demand "White Power"?

Nonwhites are responding to structural racism.

Over time, the nature of how hate groups in the United States have recruited and spread their messages has changed. Which of the following is a true statement about hate groups in the United States today?

Some hate groups attempt to recruit young people by creating websites that include games and music that appeal to children and teens.

Identify the accurate statement about the 2017 Women's March.

The attendance of many protestors was motivated by identity-linked issues.

Which of the following reflect an intersectional view of social identity?

The phrase "white trash" is a slur that predates the American Civil War.

How does the "extraordinary racism" of hate groups compare to the everyday racism in modern American society?

The prejudiced ideologies of hate groups represent a racist philosophy bent on conspiracies and the demonization of minorities.

Which of the following did Edward Morris find in his ethnography of white students in a majority black school in Texas?

The white students used the term "white" to insult one another for personality traits such as being nerdy.

In the 1800s, immigration rates among Asian men to the West Coast were much higher than immigration rates among Asian women, as Asian women were not allowed to immigrate to the United States during this time. Many Asian men remained single due in part to a combination of these differential rates of immigration and

antimiscegenation laws criminalizing interracial marriage and sex

In the 1970s, Native American boarding schools reached peak enrollments. In these schools, which started in the late 1800s, efforts to "civilize" American Indians by prohibiting native languages, replacing native names with Americanized versions, and mandating styles of dress and grooming commensurate with European-American beauty standards, were widely practiced. The assumptions of which model of racial integration were displayed in such schools?

assimilation

The authors state that changes at all levels are necessary to bring about racial democracy. Which level do they suggest has historically instigated the broadest and most transformative social change?

change at the level of collective action

Organized protests by American Indian rights activists against the use of American Indian mascots, such as the Washington Redskins, are examples of efforts to make changes toward racial democracy at the level of

collective action.

When Native Americans marry non-Native Americans, both partners often find themselves stepping out of their comfort zones to try to adopt one another's world perspectives . This type of emotional work is called

cultural labor.

At the individual level, there are some important strategies that people can use to work toward racial democracy. According to the authors, which of the following is a suggested strategy to bring about meaningful change?

deliberate reflection

Which of the following describes a group of Chicanos who fight against racial integration because they feel that it promotes cultural and social assimilation? They also champion self-determination, Chicano pride, and separatism based on racial identity.

ethnic nationalism

Corey was adamant in his feeling that most people in American society no longer have severely racist attitudes toward people of other races. Joan suggested he look at the comments on an online video about a recent drug bust involving people of color. He was surprised by the intensity of the racist comments he found. Joan's suggestion was an example of

how effectively the idea that racism is dead can be challenged by looking at the online and virtual ways in which people portray their prejudices

When surveyed, Latina protestors at the 2017 Women's March said that their attendance at the march was primarily motivated by

immigration.

Efforts to correct the white racial bias built into SAT tests is an example of an attempt at change on the _______ level.

institutional

During the twentieth century, labor unions largely remained racially homogenous, white-dominated, and exclusionary. When they did promote integration—from the late 1800s through the Civil Rights Movement—an advantageous outcome was that

integrated labor unions helped challenge the dominant stereotype of blacks, Hispanics, and other people of color as "strikebreakers."

According to sociologist Anne Rawls, whites and nonwhites may occupy the same geographic space, but not the same _______ space.

interactional

The process of immigration can be a great stressor for families coming to the United States. For example, Hmong immigrants are expected to adopt the nuclear family model instead of their traditional extended kinship networks. This pressure demonstrates that

the definition of family is not the same across racial-ethnic groups, and the expectation to conform can take a toll on families.

Ashley lives in a remote area of a Native American reservation, where there is no access to the Internet. In order to apply for jobs or do schoolwork online, she has to catch a ride to the nearest town, which is nearly two hours away. This is an example of

the digital divide.

When a person says that "character counts more than race" when competing for jobs or school admissions, they are relying on

the ideology of color-blindness.

Jeremy, who is white, has been thinking about how he teases his friend Lee, who is Asian, about being "good at math." Jeremy has recently come to realize that by making such claims, he is using a stereotype and has determined to stop making such jokes. This type of personal change is a result of

the openness of Jeremy to deliberately reflect and self-criticize his actions.

An approach to racial interaction that advocates for confrontational interactions to challenge the racial order is called

the race traitor approach.

When a native-born, third-generation Chinese American woman is repeatedly asked, "Where are you originally from?" what aspect of her identity is being highlighted?

the way that many native-born Asian American citizens remain in a position symbolically tied to an assumed immigrant status

The "cool pose" of many young black men; the overt sexism and machismo of some Latino young men; and the in-your-face sexual bravado of some young white fraternity brothers are all examples of

the ways in which performances of masculinity vary by race.

According to philosopher Elizabeth Anderson, what is the most important reason to promote affirmative action?

to fight discrimination and stigmatization by successfully integrating racial groups

The language-learning app Duolingo now has a course in elementary Hawaiian, which has been at risk of extinction. The use of digital apps and the Internet to preserve culture and connect people is an example of

virtual empowerment.

To move toward racial democracy and take into account the realities of race privilege means that

we must begin with people's actual experiences, where racial injustices are a reality.

Kathleen Blee conducted research on women who were involved in white supremacist groups and found that most

were middle class, had college educations, and were gainfully employed.